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GEORGE D. PHILLIPS 
Ex-Champion Figure and Speed Skater of America 



Photo by Alman & Co. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

HOW TO BECOME 
A SKATER 



CONTAINING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
EXCELLING AT 

Figure and Speed Skating 



// /I 



ILLUSTRATED 



NEW YORK 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
15 Warren Street 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

DEC 8 1904 

Copyri^iii trttry 

CLASS <^ XXc. Noi 

/C/ 3 Ai/- 

COPY B. 



The publishers extend their thanks to 
George W. Kirner, of the Brooklyn 
Skating Club, for valuable suggestions. 



O^'SWr 



Copyright, 1904, by 

American Sports Publishing Compant 

New York 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



SKATING AND SKATING CHAMPIONS 



The use of skates in some one form or another has been 
popular for almost a thousand years. They had their origin 
in Continental Europe and were later introduced into England. 
The old-time Norse, Swedes and Dutch were pioneers in the 
art of propelling one's self over ice on improvised runners, and 
they have left latter-day humanity a legacy that has increased to 
wondrous value. Like that of many other pastimes, the exact 
origin of skating it is impossible to ascertain, and consequently 
those who would speak of its early state must generalize to a 
considerable extent. In the "Edda" or "Elder Edda," a collec- 
tion of Icelandic literature gathered by Saemund the Wise, sup- 
posedly in 1056-1133, skating is mentioned. This is probably the 
earliest known source from which record of the facinating pas- 
time can be obtained. The god Uller is represented as being 
remarkable for his beauty, arrows and skates. Friedrich Klop- 
stock, the celebrated German poet and author, in speaking of 
skating two hundred years ago, said that man, "like the Homeric 
gods, strides with winged feet over the sea transmuted into solid 
ground." Goethe, Herder and other German poets have also sung 
its praises. 

Fitz Stephen, a writer in the twelfth century, is undoubtedly the 
most reliable authority on the remote past of skating. He 
states that the art was imported into England from the Low 
Countries. He also describes in detail features of the sport in 
its elementary state. 

The style of skate then in use was the brisket bone of an ox, 
which was fastened to the sole of the foot and around the ankle 
like the talares or winged sandals of Mercury. The skater, 
armed with an iron-shod stick, pushed himself forward by strik- 
ing it against the ice, and moved with as much celerity, says 




Photo by Frank 
A DIFFERENCE OF THIRTY YEARS-THE FIRST AND ALSO THE 
LATEST PRIZES WON BY GEO. D. PHILLIPS 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 7 

the author, as a bird flying through the air or an arrow from a 
cross-bow. In the museum of Cambridge may be seen the com- 
bined ulna and radius of a red deer, and bones evidently ground 
down by being used as skates are shown in the British Museum 
and also at Guildhall. 

The wooden skate, shod with iron or steel, made its appear- 
ance in the fourteenth century. In the vocabulary by Commenius, 
called "Orbis Sensualium Pictus," these skates are called "scrick- 
shoes," from the German, and in the print at the head of the 
section in that work, they are represented longer than those of the 
present day, and the irons are turned up much higher in front. 
There is historical evidence that iron blades were used as early as 
the sixteenth century, for it is recorded that in 1572 A. D., the 
Dutch fleet, being frozen in the Y at Amsterdam, Don Frederick, 
the son of Alva, sent a body of men to take the vessels, but the 
Dutch musketeers sallied forth on skates, and successfully routed 
the aggressors. 

Of course, skating in its undeveloped stage lacked organiza- 
tion. Races were practically unheard of and no records were 
kept. Holland is believed to have first promoted speed contests 
on an official basis, crude in the extreme though it was, and 
later England took up the practice. The first race in England 
that won a place in the sporting annals of that country occurred 
in 1823. The event was a five-mile race for a bowl, value $125, 
at Maze Lake, Hertfordshire, Six gentlemen competed, the 
winner turning up in an aspirant named Blenkinsop. In 1841 
W. Needham, of March, offered to race any man in the world, 
but before the season waned, he received his quietus from Few, 
of Sutton. At this time we read of such men as Cross, of Ely ; 
Clark, of Yaxley, and Sharman, of Holme, but the most promi- 
nent among the lot being a skater named Register, who hailed 
from Southey. He claimed the championship by defeating an 
aspirant named Porter in a two-mile race. The time was 6m. 
35s. ; exceptional interest being centred in the performance, as it 
is believed to be the first accurate record ever kept. The year 
1854 is memorable as being the advent of William Smart, or, to 
use his popular pseudonym, ''Turkey," the first of a long line of 




Photo by Brettell 
Morris Wood Allen Taylor Hugh Palliser Gus. Stolz 

THE FAMOUS SKATING TEAM OF THE EUCLID SCHOOL. BROOKLYN 



Spalding'' s Athletic Library. ^ 

illustrious skaters. He defeated Register for the championship, 
securing as the prize a silver watch which is regarded in the 
family to the present day as a valuable heirloom. At Welmey, 
in February, 1855, "Turkey" defeated such men as Green, See, 
Wiles, Register and Watkinson for a prize of $50, but had to 
succumb to "Gutta Percha" See in 1861, at Wisbech; but "Tur- 
key" turned the tables on "Gutta Percha" by defeating him a 
month later. 

In 1878 George Smart, otherwise known as "Fish" Smart, com- 
menced a string of victories which made him famous at home 
and abroad. During '79, 'So and '81 he won no less than fifty- 
five races, never once suffering defeat, although meeting such 
cracks as Harrison, Carter, Hawes and G. See. But the most 
memorable race ever held was brought off at Mepal, on Decem- 
ber 18, 1878. Among the competitors were William ("Turkey") 
Smart and G. ("Gutta Percha") See, with two other young 
skaters, who subsequently became prominent, George ("Fish") 
Smart, "Turkey's" nephew, and George See, "Gutta Percha's" 
son. In the first heat the veterans, "Turkey" and "'Gutta Per- 
cha," succeeded in defeating their opponents, but by a singular 
stroke of luck, were pitted against each other in the second 
round. "Gutta Percha" won this event by a close shave. This 
was followed by another sensational contest, for in the third 
round "Gutta Percha" had to run against his own son. A scene 
of indescribable excitement prevailed when, in spite of "Gutta 
Percha's" greatest efforts, his son brought him home the oft- 
repeated adage, "Youth will be served." In the meantime George 
Smart, "Turkey's" nephew, had vanquished all his opponents, 
which made him entitled to meet young See in the final. He 
won easily, and thereby commenced the rank w^hich he was to 
hold among skaters for more than a decade afterward. 

In the month of January, 1880, the National Skating Associa- 
tion held their first meeting at Hendon, on the "Welsh Harp" 
Water, and since then we have been periodically treated to crops 
of records under every conceivable condition. The best times of 
this season were done at the championships. The ice was in 
solendid condition. Dewsbury covered the one and a half miles 




Photo by Hemment 
IRVING BROKAW, THE NOTED NEW YORK FIGURE SKATER. 
EXECUTING A TOE MOVEMENT 



Spalding's Athletic Library, II 

in 4ni. 53 1-53. ; Bones in 4m. 53 2-53. George Smart's best time 
was 5m. 1-53. For a wiiile it became a vexed question as to how- 
fast George Smart could skate, consequently Mr. Neville Good- 
man offered a $125 prize to any skater who could, without wind, 
cover a mile in 2m, 503., and although several tried it, none 
could accomplish the task. He also offered $25 to George Smart 
if he could beat 2m. 40s. Smart tried, and only got home in 3m. 
In this year an international match was the result of an agitation 
between the National Skating Association and the Dutch Skat- 
ing Association, but a persistent thaw setting in, the affair had to 
be abandoned, and indeed it may be said that there was prac- 
tically no' more skating until the winters of 1886 and 1887. 

The first American to rise to national prominence as a skater 
was Charles June, a resident of that great nursery for success- 
ful skaters, Newburg, New York. It was in the late '30s that 
June's star was in the ascendant. After June's time came Tim 
Donoghue, George D. Phillips, Sam Montgomery, John Ennis, 
F. W. Craft, Joe Donoghue, John S. Johnson and others. 

In 1878 John Ennis covered 100 miles in iih. 37m. 4s., and 145 
miles in less than iph. at Chicago. In 1879 the amateur cham- 
pionship of America was inaugurated and gave a ten and twenty- 
mile race, which was won by G. D. Phillips. 

George D. Phillips was the only man in the history of skating 
who held at the same time the national championship in both 
speed and figure skating. 

About this time the public were almost driven crazy by the 
claims of skaters to some marvelous records, viz., one mile with 
one turn in im. 58s., and 30 miles in i hour. In order to expose 
these absurd legends, the late W. B. ("Father Bill") Curtis, 
through the Spirit of the Times, challenged any one to equal 
these times, and in 1881 $250 were offered to any one who could 
skate one mile on a six-lap track in less than 2m. 50^s., but the 
money was never claimed. In 1882 Samuel J. Montgomery skated 
fifty miles in 4h. 13m. 36s., at New York, establishing new rec- 
ords from twenty-five to fifty miles. 

In Canada speed races were held at the principal towns — 
Montreal, Halifax, Charlottetown, etc., and 1883 saw the best 



--^^m^i 




Photo by Hemment 
IRVING BROKAW EXECUTING THE BACKWARD ROCKING TURN 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 13 

skaters in I. H. Stewart, E. A. Scott and F. Dowd. Races were 
held on small, cornered rinks, about fourteen laps to the mile, 
and when Alex Paulsen, of Norway, visited America, he could 
not get around the turns and was easily defeated. Paulsen again 
crossed the Atlantic in '84, and this time carried everything be- 
fore him. First at New York, in a twenty-five-mile race he 
covered the distance in ih. 33ni. 28s. ; next, at Milwaukee, he 
defeated Dowd, and, returning, won the great international ten- 
mile match, at Washington, D. C. Among the competitors were 
R. A. Elliott and C. H. McCormack, of Canada ; Hemment, from 
London, Franklin, from Norway, and G. D. Phillips, C. Pfaff, 
S. O'Brien and S. J. Montgomery, of the United States. Paul- 
sen won in 36m. 7 2-5S. ; Elliott and Phillips being second and 
third respectively. This year the United States Skating Asso- 
ciation was formed, and elected W. B. Curtis as its first presi- 
dent. During 1883 and '84 G. Phillips created a furor by sprint- 
ing one hundred yards in 10 3-5S., 220 yards in 22 3-5S., and a 
quarter mile in 44 1-5S., from a running start and without v.and. 

In 1886 and '87 the National Skating Assooiation held their 
amateur championship races. G. D. Phillips captured the two 
hundred and twenty yards straightaway, 202-55.; twenty-five 
miles, F. W. Craft, ih. 39m. 22s. ; i-mile, Tim Donoghue, Jr., 
3m. 14 1-5S. At this time it became a vexed question in what 
time a mile straightaway, with a flying start, could be covered, 
A favorable opportunity occurring on January 31, a straight 
mile was measured on the Hudson River. Several tried it, but 
the best time was by T. Donoghue, Jr., who, aided by a strong 
gale, covered the mile in 2m. 12 3-5S. 

The Donoghue family won fame that will last as long as 
skating thrives. The late Tim Donoghue, father of Joe Dono- 
ghue, lived in Newburg almost all his life and from youth was 
an enthusiastic skater. For several years before the origin of 
the National Skating Association, he was American champion 
and during his career won enough prizes to decorate the wall of 
a room. Before the Civil War he was known as the "Newburg 
Cyclone," and it was claimed for him that he skated a mile be- 
fore the wind in im. 50s. The record was never accepted by 




IRVING BUOKAW EXECUTING FIGURE EIGHT ON ONE FOOT. 

BACKWARD Photo by Hemment 



Spalding'' s Athletic Library. 15 

the authorities, however, although he was given credit for being 
phenomenally rapid in his flight over a congealed surface. 
Years after "Tim, Jr." won the championship at skating, but he 
was forced to retire before his youthful brother, Joe, or, more 
properly, he was left behind. 

Tim Donoghue, Sr., was an oar-maker, and he also boasted of 
manufacturing all the skates used by himself and his sons. 

Joe and Tim, Jr., were warm rivals until the former finally 
demonstrated his superior ability. When Joe went abroad there 
was talk of sending Tim, too, so that in case of an accident 
happening to the former, Tim would be on hand to compete in 
his place. 

Joe Donoghue was born at Newburg, February 11, 1871. He 
first became known to fame as a roller skater, having, when but 
thirteen years old, won the roller championship of his native 
town in a competition at the Olympic Rink, on Lander Street. 
During the seasons of 1884 and 1885 he won numerous races 
there, defeating, among others, the noted skater William Boyst, 
of Port Jervis, N. Y., twice at three miles ; Ed Chapman, of Mid- 
dletown, N. Y. ; Mclntyre, of Kingston, N. Y., and Wright, of 
Walden, N. Y., the distance in all of these events being three 
miles, and most of them being won with ease by the speedy and 
graceful stripling. The proprietors of the rink presented "Joe" 
with a valuable watch and chain for defeating all comers. He 
last appeared in a race on rollers in the summer of 1885, when 
he beat Ed Chapman. He also early became an expert in ice 
skating, a love for which sport he inherited. His first appear- 
ance in a contest away from home was at Washington Park, 
Brooklyn, in February, 1884, when he took part in a race open 
to boys under sixteen years, winning second prize. He next 
appeared at Albany, January 19, 1887, when he finished first in 
a one-mile race, defeating a field of fifteen. On the same day 
he supplemented this victory by defeating eight good skaters in 
a five-mile race, the second man finishing half a mile behind. 
He was among the competitors at the initial annual champion- 
ship of the National Skating Association, near New York, in 
the winter of 1886-87. He won the half-mile race, and was de- 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. VJ 

feated by his elder brother Tim and Craft of St. John, N. B., in 
a one-mile event, taking third prize. 

On January 12, 1887, Donoghue met and defeated a well known 
skater named Scullion in a race of one mile, in 3m. 27s., the 
track measuring a fifth of a mile round, and Joe winning by 
seventy-five yards. He was again a participant at the second 
championship meeting of the National Association In January, 
1888, winning a five-mile race on January 21, over a field of ten ; 
finishing second to his brother in a mile race on the 24th, and 
winning at ten miles on the 28th, four others starting. His 
time in the first race was 19m. 17 1-5S., and in the other 44m. 
41 2-5S. His next appearance in a race took place at Albany, N. 
Y., February 2, 1888, when he won the State championship at 
five miles, leading from the start and covering the distance easily 
in i8m. 9s. William Beaver was second. He subsequently 
challenged the winner of the Canadian amateur championship to 
skate a match for a gold medal or other prize, for which the 
loser was to pay, the distance to be either one, five or ten miles, 
at the option of the acceptor, and the match to be decided at 
some half way spot, but no answer was received to the defi. 
Gaining as he was each year in physical strength, staying 
power and skill, Joe was soon without a rival in the ama- 
teur ranks. 

During the season of 1888-89 Joe Donoghue went to Europe 
for the first time, meeting and defeating the pick of the Rus- 
sians, Dutch and English experts. He went to the champion- 
ship meet at Amsterdam expecting to have a long period for 
training before the tournament in which he was to take part. 
Unfortunately it was an open season and Joe had only four days 
of good ice in which to prepare himself. His chief opponent, 
Alexander von Panschin, of St. Petersburg, had, on the other 
hand, been in steady training for three months and arrived at 
Amsterdam in perfect condition. In the first race of half a mile 
Donoghue struck a post and fell ; he also was beaten by the Rus- 
sian in the mile event. This was surely discouraging enough as a 
commencement, but those who were present say that Joe was as 
"cool as a cucumber," and did not seem in the least degree 




ALLEN TAYLC^R OF EUCLID SCHOOL 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 19 

"rattled." When they were called for the two-mile race he 
turned to a friend and said, smiling: 

"If I don't win this time the old man will be sending for me 
to come home." 

Then the word was given and the dozen skaters were off 
amid roars of applause. Twelve thousand people waived their 
hands and shouted as they passed the half-way mark side by 
side, Joe swinging along with even, steady stroke, his legs mov- 
ing with the precision of piston rods, and the Russian beside 
him, with arms swinging and face drawn as if he were unable 
to realize that the youngster at his side was actually gaining on 
him. Von Panschin appeared to be straining every nerve and 
muscle, while Joe, with his arms folded behind his back, might 
have been out for a pleasure stroll for any effort he seemed to 
make. Down the home-stretch they came, and Joe drew away 
from his famous rival inch by inch until there was a distance of 
two yards between them. Joe never lost his head, and won by 
seven seconds, making the fastest time on record, 6m. 24s. 

Later in the same season Donoghue was beaten at Vienna by 
the Russian in a mile race, coming in one-fifth of a second be- 
hind, and at once challenged Von Panschin to race him two miles. 
The latter refused, whereupon Joe, in the presence of a great 
crowd and boundless enthusiasm, skated two miles against the 
Russian's best time, which was 6m. 41s., and beat it in 6m. 28 3-5S., 
receiving a grand ovation and a valuable diamond ring from the 
Vienna Skating Club. 

On January 15 and 16 a tournament was held at Hamburg, 
where Donoghue easily defeated all the Germans, after which he 
left for America. He competed in the National Skating Asso- 
ciation meeting February 22, winning the five miles, while his 
brother won the one-eighth mile. 

In the season of 1889 and '90 the United States National 
Skating Association, after three postponements, held their meet- 
ing January 29. J. F. Donoghue definitely showed his super- 
iority over any distance man by winning the mile in 3m. 28^s., 
and five miles in 17m. 50 i-.ss.; undoubtedly the second best man 
in the United States being James Donoghue, the younger brother. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 21 

The Manhattan A. C. sent Donoghiie to Norway to train for 
he Dutch championship of 1890 and '91. The races were held 
at Heerenveen, and resulted in two victories for Donoghue, viz., 
one mile, 3m. 9 4-5S. ; three miles, 9m. 17s. The next event 
after the Dutch races was the international race, held at Cam- 
bridge, England. The distance was one and a half miles, which 
Donoghue won in 4m. 46s., thus beating all records. Loveday, 
the British champion, finished second, in 5m. 8s. Rowe was 
third and Tebbutt fourth. What added to the youngster's tri- 
umph on this occasion was the fact that on the very day before 
James ("Fish") Smart, the English professional, had skated the 
same distance over the same course in a race, in which he did 
his best, and had taken 6 1-5S. longer to do it. Thus, although 
Donoghue as an amateur could not try conclusions with James 
Smart, yet it was possible from this test to make a comparison 
between them in favor of the American. 

Returning to Holland, Donoghue won all four events at the 
international races held at Amsterdam on January 6 and 7 — 
half-mile, im. 25 2-5S. ; two miles, 6m. 10 4-53. ; five miles, 16m. 
IS., performances which justly earned for him the title of 
"Champion of the World." 

Returning to America Donoghue took part in the Newburg 
races February 7, 1891, and broke the five-mile record in 15m. 
36 2-5S. over a quadrangular course with two laps to the mile. 
Some of the best amateurs struggled again Joe in this race, 
among them being his brother, Jim Donoghue, Simpson, Mosher, 
Munzesheimer, Gross and George Risk. That same day Joe won 
the ten-mile race in 35m. 54 3-5S., with Simpson four seconds 
behind him. He also won the quarter-mile race in 2>7 4-5s., with 
Mosher pushing him hard. 

At the Newburg races of the National Skating Association, 
held on Muchattoes Lake, March 3, 1892, Joe Donoghue won 
easily all four events against all competitors, thereby strengthen- 
ing his claim to the championship of the world. 

Joe Donoghue, however, like many a world-beater, finally met 
his Waterloo. John S. Johnson, racing under the colors of the 
Normannia Skating Club, of Minneapolis, defeated him at Red 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 23 

Bank, N. J., February 16, 1893, in the National Skating Asso- 
ciation's championship contests. Olaf Rudd, of the same Min- 
neapolis club, also defeated Donoghue that day. Donoghue evi- 
dently was not in his best shape. 

Not since the days of the Donoghues has the world seen so 
brilliant a skater as John Nilsson, the professional world's 
champion speeding expert, who holds all records from a half- 
mile to five miles. The amateur champion of America (1904) is 
Morris Wood, of Long Branch, N. J. 

Nilsson makes his home in Minneapolis. In addition to his 
sensational skating ability he is a powerful oarsman, a canoe 
expert, a speedy sprinter, a gymnast, a tumbler, a boxer and a 
wrestler. He has built three motor-cycles, three automobiles, 
and is developing an airship which he believes will make Santos- 
Dumont look to his laurels. 

Nilsson believes that every skater should be temperate in his 
habits, and should indulge in a variety of exercises, so as to 
give himself good all-around muscular development. He never 
smoked a cigar or cigarette; neither has he ever indulged in 
intoxicating liquors. Therefore it is easy to understand how 
he has been able to uphold his supremacy for almost a decade. 

As a trick skater, Nilsson probably never has had an equal, 
certainly no superior. Every imaginable ''stunt" of the fancy 
skater is at his command and he has originated a large number 
of startling feats. For example, he will approach a chair at full 
speed on one foot and leap completely over its back, landing on 
the same foot without losing his balance. Then again he will 
place three or four barrels side by side and jump over them, 
turning around in mid-air and landing with his face toward the 
barrels. A novel sight it is to see him run backward on the 
points of his skates. He goes roimd and round a circle with 
his feet in the spread-eagle position, increasing his speed with- 
out raising either blade from the ice, etc., etc., etc. 

Nilsson may well be described as "a jolly good fellow." His 
genial disposition has made him a prime favorite wherever he is 
known. He is a "natural born" humorist, and witty indeed is 
the man that can turn the laugh against the champion. 



¥ 


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HUGH PALLISER OF EUCLID SCHOOL 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 25 

Morris Wood, the amateur champion of America, learned to 
skate on the broad Shrewsbury River, which flows near his 
home. Long Branch. He began to skate ahnost as soon as he 
was able to stand and when only fifteen years old had won an 
enviable reputation among his associates as a speedy performer 
on the glistening blades. 

Wood is a sunburned lad of medium height. His keen spark- 
ling eyes, and clean-cut features stamp him as the possessor of 
unlimited grit and endurance. He is never beaten until the 
race is over. He has a burst of speed that is nothing short of 
phenomenal, and he always saves himself for the finish, when he 
approaches the line with demon swiftness. 

At Verona Lake, N. J., near Montclair, where in January, 
1904, Wood won in one afternoon the half, mile and five-mile 
championships of the National Amateur Skating Association, his 
performances were described in part by a leading New York 
newspaper as follows : 

"Morris Wood, of Euclid School, Brooklyn, the national ama- 
teur speed skating champion at a half-mile and one-mile, added 
the five-mile distance to his credit. Through the result of the 
races, he becomes the national champion at the half-mile, one 
mile and five mile distances. He won because he not only out- 
skated but out-maneuvered his fields and won cleverly in each 
event and with lots of speed to spare. 

"At the crack of Starter Sam See's pistol, at the start of the 
five-mile race, the twelve men got away well bunched, with 
Bellefeuille, of Winnipeg, Canada, and Wood in the lead. They 
were inclined to sprint it a bit for the betterment of their posi- 
tion, but soon worked themselves out, with Christopherson, of 
the Fleitner A. C, of Chicago, in the lead and Bellefeuille and 
Wood on his heels. When they crossed for the first mile the 
position was the same. The time for the first mile was 3m. i6s. 

"The positions of the leaders were unchanged at the second 
mile. 

"On the second lap of the third mile Wood, to demonstrate 
his sprinting qualities, jumped to the front as though the rest 
of the skaters were anchored. He was five yards in front and 



Spalding's Athletic Library, 27 

skating easily. Bellefeuille was right behind him, with Merritt, 
of the Verona Lake Skating Club, coming up to third place. 
Again in the fourth mile the order of the leaders was reversed, 
Bellefeuille going to the front and setting the pace for a few 
laps. Wood was on his heels, with Christopherson close up. 
They held this order to the end of the fourth mile. 

"Bellefeuille kept his lead, with Wood and Merritt close be- 
hind until the last half of the last lap. The champion as he 
came down the far stretch shot away from the leaders as though 
they were tied. 

"As they rounded the turn for the home-stretch Wood was in 
the lead by fifteen yards. Bellefeuille followed, with Merritt 
five yards behind, and in this order they crossed the tape. The 
time for the five miles was i6m. 59s. 

"Just as cleverly as he won the five-mile event, the champion 
gathered in the honors for the half and the mile races. In the 
half-mile he took the lead after the second lap had been skated, 
and was never headed. W. H. Merritt followed him across the 
line in second position five yards in his wake. Bellefeuille was 
a stride behind Merritt. The time for the half was im. 24 4-53., 
4 4-5 seconds behind the record for the distance. 

"In the mile race only three yards separated Wood at the 
finish from the second man, Merritt. The time for the mile 
was 3m. 38." 




ARTHUR Y. SARONY OF NEW YORK A. C. 



Spaldi7ig' s Athletic Library. ^ 



HINTS FOR BEGINNERS IN SPEED 
SKATING 

BY G, BELLEFEUILLE. THE WELL-KNOWN CANADIAN EXPERT. 



He who would become an able speed skater must determine 
to practice faithfully, and to keep himself in good physical condition. 

Early defeats should not discourage the beginner. Perse- 
verance is the greatest aid to success and men have forged to 
the fore after spending years among the lesser lights. It is 
highly important that every novice should learn correct form. 
A style suited to individual peculiarities or characteristics, is 
as a general rule, productive of the best results, in opposition to 
a style of skating copied bodily from someone else. At the same 
time, much benefit can be had through imitating the leading 
skaters' methods to some extent. 

The beginner ought first to make sure that he is not contract- 
ing a faulty pose and an incorrect stroke. He had best watch the 
maneuvers, of the well-known performers and ask their advice 
on matters not entirely clear to him. 

A jerky irregular stroke is to be avoided. The long, strong 
glide with balance well held proves more advantageous. The 
man that falls into the habit of cutting short his strokes, except 
when circumstances warrant such procedure, tires unnecessarily 
the muscles of his legs, affects the wind and loses the perfect 
self-control that is at all times a valuable help. Besides, vvhen 
strokes are short and jerky the racer fails to derive the full 
benefit from the power expended. 

Be content with gradual progress and skate as much as pos- 
sible in the open air. Rink, or indoor skating, is naturally of 
much value as it is available when the lakes, ponds or rivers are 
not frozen or cleared of heavy falls of snow. Do not patronize 
rinks, however, when outdoor ice is at hand. Skating in the 
open has an exhilaration and adds an incentive to speedy work, 
that is lacking under cover. 




HELPING A BEGINNER 
Arms crossed and hands clasped 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 31 

Form the racing habit as soon as your progress in the art of 
skating warrants. Experience is a splendid teacher and compe- 
tition accustoms you to handHng yourself under exciting con- 
ditions. You should learn something in every race in which you 
participate. 

Always make certain that your skates are strong, well fas- 
tened, and in good racmg condition. I have known men to 
travel scores of miles to compete in some important event, only 
to be placed out of the race through some fault in their equip- 
ment. Sometimes a weak strap breaks, or a flaw in a skate 
causes the blade to snap. The proverbial "stitch in time" saves 
a hundred or more in a race. Do not fail to renew shoe laces 
frequently. Never use racing tights that are too small or too 
tight, as they will retard circulation. Avoid any other articles 
of clothing that are not loose enough to give the body absolute 
freedom of movement. 

Every beginner should practice at least an hour and a half 
a day. Find out your weak points and overcome them. Correct 
your shortcomings in this way in preference to spending a large 
portion of your time in developing the branches of the sport that 
comes easy to you. 




STOPPING BY TWISTING BODY TO LEFT AND SLIDING GN EDGES 
OF SKATES 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 




Don't set up too swift a pace at the opening of a long race. 

Don't swing too wide on turns. 

Don't fail to count laps in distance competitions and to govern 
your speed accordingly. 

Don't crowd your opponents. A skate may strike one of 
yours and give you a fall. 

Don't get into a "pocket." When hedged in, however, work 
your way clear as quickly as possible, especially if you are near- 
ing the finish of a race. 

Don't waste time and strength in elbowing your rivals. Keep 
your attention on the race. 

Don't hesitate to call the referee's attention to foul tactics. 

Don't skate too near the edge of a track which has been 
cleared through a snow-covered stretch of ice. A thrust wider 
than usual may reach into the banked snow and throw you out 
of your stroke, or at least, affect your speed to some extent. 

Don't fail to breathe deeply and regularly. 

Don't hold your head up. The lower your body, the less 
resistance it offers to the air. 

Don't lose an inch of space at the start. Keep well poised 
and on the alert for the pistol shot. 

Don't pay any attention whatever to the shouts of the spec- 
tators. They may merely be trying to disconcert you. Skate 
your own race at all times. 

Don't turn your head when in a quick spurt in a "bunched" 
field. At this time you must devote every attention to your own 
position, etc., in order to keep to your feet. 

Don't neglect to watch carefully the ice in front. A small 
crack or the tiniest twig will suffice to trip the unwary 
skater. 




JOHNNY NILSSON, PROFESSIONAL CHAMPION 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 35 

Don't fail to judge keenly the movements and probable in- 
tentions of your antagonists. Meet speed with speed, cunning 
with cunning, fairness with fairness. 

Don't give up a race simply because you slip or fall and lose 
possibly a hundred feet or so. Remember that the race is never 
over until the tape is crossed, and that many a stout heart has 
plucked victory from a seemingly forlorn hope. 

Don't stand idly about after a race. Perspiration that dries in 
the cold will stiffen you, and may result in pleurisy, pneumonia 
or rheumatism. 

Don't talk or shout unnecessarily during a race. You waste 
needed breath and unconsciously raise your head and shoulders, 
meeting the wind squarely. 

Don't skate yourself "all in" at the beginning of a race. Re- 
serve wind and strength for a final spurt. 

Don't burden yourself with extra flesh. Train down without 
sapping strength. 

Don't wear garters or suspenders in contests. They hinder 
movements of muscles and retard circulation. Full length tights 
are always preferable. 

Don't forget, if your ankles are weak, to brace them with 
strong supporters, in addition to mere straps. A strap exerts 
pressure on some one or two spots in particular. An ankle sup- 
port spreads the strain over a comparatively large surface. Also 
it gives a feeling of comfort to the foot. 

"Don't "warm up" too extensively before a race. You are apt 
to tire yourself unduly. Moderation in all things except speed 
after the pistol sounds, should be your motto. 

Don't talk extensively with friends during rests between races. 
Save your wind and quiet your nerves. Lie down on a couch in 
a warm part of the clubhouse. Close your eyes and relax your 
muscles while your trainer massages. 

Don't keep on your skating costume between races. Take it 
off and be massaged while the tights are being dried. 

Don't smoke or chew tobacco, or drink intoxicants. "I never 
smoked a cigar or a cigarette, or drank a drop of whiskey in my 
life," says Champion Johnny Nilsson. 




JOHNNY NILSSON'S RACING STROKE 



Spalding^^ s Athletic Library. 2*7 

Don't fail to get a good night's rest before a race, and, of 
course, you would not overload your stomach. 

Don't take much stock in stories that your opponents are in 
poor shape, that the doctor says they should be home in bed, 
that they have trained only a day or two for a race. They may 
be just the ones to catch you napping at the finish and give 
you a merry "ha, ha" as you follow them across the line. 

Don't be over-confident. Especially at the finish, even when 
you consider yourself to have a commanding lead, maintain your 
highest speed. Many a race has been won and lost in the last 
fifty yards. Sometimes a skater straightens himself, slackens 
pace, and casts backward a triumphant smile, only to have a 
strong finisher go by him on the jump, and corral first honors. 




W. H. MERRITT OF VERONA LAKE SKATING CLUB 



Spalding' s Athletic Library 



HOW TO TRAIN FOR RACING 

BY MORRIS WOOD^ OF LONG BRANCH CITY, N. J., NATIONAL 
AMATEUR CHAMPION SPEED SKATER. 



When a candidate for speed skating honors decides that he 
will increase his collection of medals and add to the records 
he has captured, then must he apply time and attention diligently 
toward the obtaining of his object, or objects, as the case may be. 
For, as all skaters well know, the winning of an important race 
is no easy task. Against you are men of varying ages that have 
probably spent years in competition. In championship matches, 
this is the inevitable situation. They are not to be "bluffed" or 
"jollied." They have strength and endurance. Their lungs are 
deep and broad, their hearts sound, and their nerves tingling 
for the fray. These qualities, you and I also must number 
among our possessions if we would shine in stellar skating cir- 
cles. How are we to obtain them? How are we to retain them 
when once these physical attributes become ours? These, and 
other questions confront us and I will draw from my varied ex- 
periences in an endeavor to satisfactorily reply to them. 

Proper training is the secret of speed skating, after, of course, 
the principles of icecraft have been mastered. Naturally, all the 
training that could be crowded into a month of arctic days, 
where at times the sun doesn't rise for months, would not serve 
to make a skater of a man that can't lift one blade from the 
ice without falling. 

To derive the greatest benefits from training you should be 
systematic. Have a stated time for performing each phase of 
your work, and stick to this programme day by day, increasing 
its severity, perhaps, as the date of a competition draws 
near. 

When the winter opens, begin by building up to, or working 
down to, your best racing weight and spend all the time possi- 
ble in the open air. Force the stiffness from your muscles and 



Spaldiftg' s Athletic Library. 4t 

joints by comparatively long spins, at a moderate rate of speed. 
At Long Branch, where I was born and brought up, I go out on 
the Shrewsbury River, famed for iceboating and skating, ahke, 
as soon as the first thick coating forms and proceed to work 
gradually into form, just as a horseman puts a trotter through 
preliminary "work outs," in preparing for the grand circuit. 

When a few days have passed and the delicate muscles and 
other tissues have become accustomed to the exercise, I skate 
more speedily. I go out both in the morning and in the after- 
noon, for say an hour each time. During the first half hour I 
skate somewhat leisurely and for the remainder of the period, 
devote myself to "scorching" down the river at high speed. A 
spurt back to my original starting point finishes the programme. 
My rubber now takes me in charge. A brisk rubdown leaves 
me feeling refreshed in spite of my exertions. 

So far as food is concerned, I do not follow any particular 
scheme of diet. I don't go to excess in eating pastry, candies 
or extremely starchy foods. I find the best all-around plan is 
to trust to good judgment and to eat simple things that do not 
keep me awake at night or give me the dreaded "collywobbles" 
of childhood days. 

Every skater with speeding ambitions should sleep not less 
than eight hours every night. He should take particular care 
not to waste his strength. Cigarette smoking is certain to prove 
a hindrance as it injures the lungs. Deep breathing is essential 
to speed and lasting powers, therefore, anything that harms the 
lungs immediately decreases swiftness. 

Walking and running are admirable exercises for the skater. 
Many of the same muscles are brought into play by these move- 
ments. I would also suggest running backwards to men who 
want to put their spare moments to good advantage. 

The speed skater's training should be such as gives supple, 
elastic muscles, rather than that which hardens and knots the 
tissues. The latter sort are not adapted to swiftness. They are 
not easily flexed and continued exercise like that involved in 
a skating race tires them rapidly. The elastic muscle, however, 
flexes readily and promotes endurance. Athletes quick of 




IMPROPER POSITION IN THE Hr'llr^AD KAGLK-THJ^ Ht.AU iH 
TURNED DOWNWARD 



Spalding-^s Athletic Library. 43 

movement are never adorned with heavy, iron-Hke, muscles. The 
muscle-bound man moves like an ox in comparison. 

Add variety to your training operations in a manner that will 
not detract from their value as a system. For instance, after a 
burst of speed straightaway, cut a circle, a wide one or a narrow 
one, as you choose, first with left foot over, then with the right 
foot oyer. Cutting a circle by carrying the left foot to the right 
of the right foot, is found to be more difficult than the opposite 
movement. 

Again you may cut circles backward, either to the left or to 
the right. While these maneuvers, like many others that might 
be mentioned, have no direct usage in racing, yet they aid in 
developing the skating muscles and in teaching a m.an to feel 
at home under all circumstances. 

Nine out of ten skaters hold their hands in back of them- 
selves while racing, resting one in the other, or clasping the 
wrist, and resting the hands on the back, over the hips. If you 
follow this plan, and it is recognized by the leading experts to 
be the most advisable, make use of it while training. At tmies 
you may swing your arms at the sides or diagonally downward 
across the breast, for the sake of variety. Hold to the pre- 
scribed style in racing, however. Some foreign racers, there 
are, that have a peculiar fashion of straightening their arms, one 
pointing forward, in a line with the head and shoulders, the 
other backward in a straight line. 



Spalding^ s Athletic Library. 



FIGURE SKATING AND BEGINNERS 



Dancing has been termed "the poetry of motion," but the 
phrase is much more apphcable to skating, especially figure 
skating. The figure skater possessing that indefinable something 
called "good form" is as graceful a sight as can be found in 
days of travel, and the surpassing ease with which he manipu- 
lates his feet would seem to lure one to imitate him. 

Many people consider all skaters as one class of athletes. 
They know too little of the vast difference between the methods 
of the speed expert and those of the figure star and work on the 
theory that the racing man must also be an able executor of 
fancy strokes, simply because he is proficient in track contests 
and vice versa. Nothing could be more fallacious. You might 
as well believe a billiard champion to be a formidable pool 
player, through the fact that he understands the use of a cue. 
Figure and speed skating are separate arts, just as billiards is in 
nowise similar to pool. 

The figure skater is more of what might be termed an artist 
than is the speed performer. He is credited in competitions for 
the carriage and balance of his body, the facility with which he 
cuts figures, the accuracy of his strokes, etc., etc. His racing 
brother, on the contrary, wins by crossing the finish line first, 
irrespective of the technical perfection of his stroke, or the de- 
gree of development toward the mastery of what constitutes 
good form. Of course, the carefully trained, scientific racer 
economizes in strength and wind by following approved, and 
hence, improved methods, but his glory and gold medals are 
the rewards of strength, speed and endurance, nevertheless. 

The beginner in figure skating finds the approach to this fas- 
cinating pastime, hedged by difficulties. Unless he is deter- 
mined to succeed he will never rise above mediocrity, which 
condition every right-minded person should abhor in any branch 




MORRIS WOOD, AMATEUR CHAMPION SPEED SKATER OF AMERICA, 

ON HIS SPALDING TUBULAR RACING SKATES. READY TO 

START AGAINST A WORLD'S RECORD 

Records: 75 yards straightaway, 8 l-5s.; 100 yards straightaway. 9 3-5s.; 

220 yards, 19s. 



Spalding^ s Athletic Library. 47 

of endeavor. First, the beginner must learn what to do, next 
how to do it, and then, how to do it perfectly. Lastl}^, he must 
practice faithfully, so that his muscles will receive necessary 
training, that his balance and poise will be improved, and his 
knowledge of figures made comprehensive. One figure leads to an- 
other, just as arithmetic paves the way for algebra and geometry in 
school. Simple strokes graduate into the combinations, and these 
in turn, merge into the complex. Only he that has a trustworthy 
knowledge of the skating alphabet, will force himself into the 
higher circles of competition and accomplishment. Therefore, take 
time by the forelock and build your reputation on a firm foundation. 

"Imitate the leaders" is the rule laid down for beginners in 
many lines of athletics, and, to some extent, it is a good one 
for ambitious figure skaters. Single out some expert and watch 
him so closely that he may suspect you of being a detective on 
his track. But do not sacrifice your own individuality in your 
style. Books will also prove of valuable aid, and do not neg- 
lect the advice of your superiors whenever they are so kind as to 
relieve their minds of gems of skating wisdom. The studying of 
diagrams and of photos of skaters in action is also certain to 
be of aid. Diagrams show accurately the movements of the 
blades on the ice. They are a source of information and interest 
even to the greatest of figure experts. 

In the previous edition of this book the author spoke with 
special reference to beginners as follows : 

"The practice of skating requires that those who wish to be 
proficient, should begin at an early period of life and endeavor 
to throw off the fear which always attends the commencement 
of an apparently hazardous amusement. The beginner, how- 
ever, though fearless, must not be violent. He will probably 
on his first essay, scramble about for a little while, during 
which he must not let his feet get apart, and even more care- 
fully keep his heels together. He must also keep the ankle of 
the foot on the ice quite firm ; neither should he attempt to 
gain the edge of the skate by bending, as is commonly done. 
The only right mode to either edge, is by the inclination of the 
whole body in the direction required. The leg which is on the 
ice should be kept perfectly straight ; that which is off the ice 




CHAMPION MORRIS WOOD'S RACING STROKE (FRONT VIEW) 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 49 

should be also kept straight, though not stiff, the toe pointing 
downwards and the heel about twelve inches from the other. 
Look at neither ice nor feet to see how they perform; keep the 
body and face rather elevated. When once off, bring both feet 
up together, and strike again when steady ; but do not in these 
early practicings, allow both feet to be on the ice together. As 
the legs are raised, so must be the arms, but contrariwise, so that 
the arm and leg of the same side be not raised together. Prac- 
titioners will soon acquire a facility of moving on the inside, and 
when they have done this, they must endeavor to acquire the 
movement on the outside of the skates; which is nothing more 
than throwing themselves upon the outer edge of the skate and 
making the balance of their body tend toward that side. At the 
commencement of the outside stroke, the knee of the employed 
limb should be a little bent, and gradually brought to a rectilinear 
position when the stroke is completed. Care should be taken to 
use very little muscular exertion, for the impelling motion 
should proceed from the mechanical impulse of the body thrown 
in such a position as to regulate the impulse. At taking the out- 
side stroke the body ought to be thrown forward easily, the un- 
employed limb kept in a direct line with the body, and the face 
and eyes looking directly forward ; the unemployed foot ought 
to be stretched toward the ice, with the toes in a direct line 
with the leg. In the time of making the curve, the body must 
be gradually and almost imperceptibly raised, and the unem- 
ployed limb brought in the same manner forward, so that at 
finishing the curve, the body will be bent a small degree back- 
ward, and the unemployed foot will be about two inches before 
the other, ready to embrace the ice and form a corresponding 
curve. The muscular movement of the body must correspond 
with the movement of the skate, and should be regulated so as 
to be imperceptible to the spectators. Particular attention should 
be paid in carrying round the eyes and head with a regular 
motion, for nothing so diminishes the grace and elegance of skat- 
ing as sudden jerks and exertions, which are too frequently used 
by the generality of skaters. The management of the arms also 
deserves attention. 




CHAMPION MORRIS WOOD'S RACING STROKE (SIDE VIEW) 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 




The false ideas held by the uninitiated in regard to skating 
are numerous enough to All several volumes and not the least 
among them is the supposition that on the manipulation of the 
feet entirely depends the success or failure of a figure skater. 
The truth of the matter is that balance and the adaptation of 
the position of the body to the best needs of the intended 
maneuver are the elements that contribute principally to accept- 
able work with the glistening steel runners. When you see on 
the ice a man that gives no attention to the position of the body, 
but acts on the principle that the feet should start or change 
impetus to another direction, put him down as a novice. The 
correct method is to make the body turn the feet. The tail does 
not swing the elephant; no more should the feet swing the 
figure skater, except in some few instances. 

To succeed as a figure skater learn to obtain the maximum 
of impetus with a minimum of movement of the feet, arms and 
legs. Give particular attention to turns, making of your body a 
sort of a pendulum. Every turn in which is involved a change 
from one edge of the skate to another can be executed without 
unusual difficulty. As you are about to turn, your body should 
be shifted to the direction of the curve that will result from 
the turn. When this line of action is followed, no alteration 
of position becomes necessary after the turn has been effected. 
A novice having acquired the power of skating the outside 
edge, is fired with the ambition of accomplishing the three. He 
knows that an ordinary three is composed of a curve of out- 
side edge, that to make the turn the skate has to be reversed, 
bringing him to an inside back, and if he has never been in- 
structed, he will proceed on the outside curve; and his body 
being retained in the position for that edge, he will make a 




JAMES FLEMING 
A well-known figure skater of the Brooklyn Skating Club 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 53 

spasmodic effort to twist his skate round, with the result that 
he will probably fall. Now watch the adept: When, just at the 
turn, the whole body from the hip upward is gradually turned so 
as to be in the position suitable for the curve on which he will 
find himself after the skate is reversed. In fact, the change is 
effected by the swing of the balance foot more than by the turn- 
ing of the body. 

In olden times when every one used square heeled skates, a 
stoppage was effected by elevating the toe part of one or both 
feet, and so digging in the heel ; but with the modern skate, 
which has rounded heels, this is no longer practicable, and if 
necessary to stop suddenly, the skater turns sideways and forces 
the edges of his skates into the ice (shown in photo on page 32) 
at right angles to the line of progress. But an absolute stop is 
seldom necessary, and a deflection to the right or left is all that 
is then needed. To effect this the skater, keeping his feet parallel, 
leans to the side to which he wishes to go, and the skates run 
round in a curve. 

Hitherto all progress has been made in a forward direction, and 
as figure skaters progress as much backward as forward, it 
is necessary to learn to skate backward. In going forward 
the skater has to repress the instinct which naturally causes 
him to put either foot in front as in walking. In attempting to 
skate backward the same trouble arises, and the natural way, 
learned through walking is almost inevitably attempted by the 
beginner; but the proper method is to stand with feet moderately 
close together, and with the toes turned in; then a shove, with 
say the right foot should be effected, and the body balanced on 
the left, until the force of the stroke is expended, when the 
right should be placed alongside of the left, which now becomes 
the striking foot, and the stroke effected, the glide is made on 
the right, and so on for the position of the feet at starting. At 
first the beginner will find some difficulty in skating backward, 
caused by the fear of leaning sufficiently back on the backward 
glide, but a little practice with short glides to begin with, will 
soon give him confidence. He should then take two or three 
gtrplces, and endeavor to co.me round a whole circle on the right 




GEORGE W. KIRNER, OF THE BROOKLYN SKATING CLUB 
One of America's Greatest Figure Skaters. 



Spaldhig's Athletic Library. 55 

leg. Hitherto he has been going with his body square to the hne 
of progress ; he must now try to turn sideways by throwing 
back the left shoulder, turning out his left foot and knee, and 
keeping the unemployed foot rather behind the right ; the knee 
of the employed foot should then be straightened, and looking 
over the left shoulder he should complete the circle ; and the 
same practice should be given to the left foot, and then a whole 
circle on either foot without any intermediate strokes should 
be tried. Remember, that when changing feet, the swing of the 
balance foot gives the impetus. 

The underlying features of figure skating are the curve and the 
spin, although what has been termed the flying turn and the 
toe spin or pirouette, are also to be reckoned with as important 
elements of the skater's art. 

The curve is best known as the edge, owing to the fact that 
the performer inclines to either side in executing any of its 
variations, thus cutting into the ice with the sharp edge of the 
blade. The various edges are described later on and illustrated 
by Figs. i8, 19, 20 and 21. In executing a spin; that is, a simple 
one, the flat of the blade is the apex, while in the pirouette, the 
skater pivots sharply, making use only of the toe point of the 
skate. In most instances the skates favored for figure work, 
by experts, are equipped with a sharp steel barb, especially 
adapted to this purpose. 

The flying turn is generally called a jump. 




EX-CHAMPION DR. ARTHUR G. KEANE 



Spaldi^^'s Athletic IJbrarv. 



57 



FIGURES USED IN COMBINATIONS, 
AND OTHERS 



THE SIMPLE SERPENTINE, THE THREE, COUNTER- 
THREE, ROCKERS, COUNTERS, PIROUETTES, ETC. 

In order to add variations of the complete figures to your 
repertoire you must learn the elementary movements that are 
used in practically all of the more advanced maneuvers. 

THE SERPENTINE. 
Point where, 

Edge changes 



FIG. l-SIMPLE SERPENTINE 

First we will take up the serpentine. The simple serpentine 
—that on one foot— consists of two curves, one on the outside 
edge and one on the inside edge. These, of course, may be 
repeated or continued indefinitely. The direction is not changed. 

THE TURN (OR THREE). 

Point where edge 
and direction 
change. 

FIG. 2-SINGLE THREE 

The simple turn, or single three, consists of a change of edge 
and direction on a single blade by whirling toward either hand, 
according to the foot that is employed. Thus you may change 
from the right outside forward to the right inside backward, 
or from the left outside forward to the left inside backward, etc. 




r»j 



V 




^. 



m 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 59 

THE COUNTER THREE. 
Point where edge 
and direction 
^•^^^^^ '^s. change, 

FIG. 3-COUNTER THREE OR BRACKET 

The counter three is often termed the bracket. In this the 
direction and edge are changed. Start say on the right outer 
edge, forward, slanting to the left somewhat, swerving slightly 
to the right as you approach a point at which you face the toe 
of the right skate to the left and turn to the right inner edge, 
backward. Duplicate in reverse order the curves of your ap- 
proach to the turning point, forming a bracket. The counter 
three on the left foot is executed in a similar manner, changing 
from the left outside forward to the left inner backward. 

TWO THREE TURNS, OR THE HALF DOUBLE THREE. 



Edge^^^^y 


"N ..-^^^^ 


and /^ 


*=^ and 


.direction ( 


j direction 


change ^ 


^ eiiange 



FIG. 4-A HALF DOUBLE THREE 

To execute a half double three, circle to the right on the right 
outside forward. Duplicate the simple figure three in a continu- 
ous swerve to the right. Finish with a strong, clean cut semi- 
circle, as shown in the diagram. 

'.Edge and 

direction 
change 



FIG. 5-HALF DOUBLE THREE. WITH CURVES NOT SO DEEP 
AS IN FIG. 4. 



6o Spalding's Athletic Library. 

The half-double three is one of the most difficult of execution 
of any figures of their general description. The natural swing 
and inclination of the skater ir his rotation must be interrupted, 
or temporarily suspended, in order to cut the prescribed figure. 



THE DOUBLE THREE. 

Points where 
l^ edge and 
direction 
cMnge 

FIG. 6-DOUBLE THREE 

The double three, as shown in the diagram, consists of a pair 
of simple threes cut continuously. Their general trend may form 
a semi-circle. The last stroke, which completes the figure, 
should be bold and well defined. Practice will enable you to 
have considerable impetus at the conclusion of this figure. 

THE ROSE (ENGLISH). 





FIG. 7-THE ROSE (ENGLISH). 

Multiply your threes or turns, swerving to the right on the 
right foot, and you will form a "rose." In reality, this figure 
is a continuation of a double three around to a full circle. Make the 
turns uniform and distinct. Each forward and each backward 
stroke should be equal in size. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 6i 

THE ENGLISH ROCKING TURN. OR "BROKEN-BACKED 
THREE." 




FIG. 8-ENGLISH ROCKING TURN OR "BROKEN BACKED THREE" 

The English rocking turn, sometimes called the "broken- 
backed three," is a difficult maneuver. It leaves on the ice a 
figure very similar to a shark's tooth. This turn is often used in 
combination in intricate figures as well as in some of the com- 
paratively simple ones. 

The start of the rocking turn is the same as that of the cross 
cut. Continue on the same edge after coming into the second 
stroke of the cross cut and you will form the rocking turn. 

THE ROCKER, OR AMERICAN ROCKING TURN. 




FIG. 9-THE AMERICAN ROCKING TURN, ON THE OUTSIDE 
FORWARD EDGE 

Rocking turns are movements begun and finished entirely on 
one edge. However, the skater changes from a forward to a 
backward stroke. 

To execute rocking turns, say of outside forward, go ahead, 
using a stroke similar to that adopted in the roll. Carry the 
balance foot slightly back, at first, but bring it forward across 
the employed foot as your direction changes. 



62 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



At the finish of the figure the balance foot is back and some 
distance apart from the employed foot. 




FIG. 10-OUTSIDE BACKWARD ROCKING TURN 

In a rocking turn of outside backward, begin on the outside 
edge backward, and hold the balance foot in front of the employed 
leg until direction is changed to forward. 

At the point where direction changes, carry the balance foot 
somewhat toward the left. Do not change this position of the 
balance foot again. 

THE LOOP. 



FIG. 11-RUNNING LOOPS 



In the loop, starting say, on the right outside edge, forward, 
cut a small oval or loop by swerving sharply to the right, chang- 
ing front, of course, but not edge nor direction. The loop on 
the left outside forward edge is cut in exactly the same way, 
curving to the left. The balance foot is carried across the em- 
ployed foot from 10 to 14 inches from the ice. 

THE RINGLET AND RINGLET TURN. 



/ 




FIG. 12-RINGLETS 



Spalding's Athletic Library. g. 

The ringlet is very much like the loop, only it is perfectly 
round. Also the curve before and after the loop is deep, w le 
H. the ringlet .t at times is gradual. The ringlet turn is a half 
cnxle, say on the right outside forward, to tL righ folded 
by a nnglet, after which you must swing to the right nner edge 
and duphcate the half circle by a curve to the right. L L th 
three, the rocker and other moves, there is a counter to 
rmg et turn ,n which the loop is cut to the left, when on 1 e 

.Te i^r^R T:'/''^- ^'" ^"°-'^<=^^ -™'^ - ™'="e ° 

in di^mete. ^ ^' """■ '"'' °""^ "^<^ ^^^ ^^-'^ °- f°°' 

THE PIROUETTES. 

Point where the 

^J^ ^"intiiTM Maneuver 

^ ® ^^ is intrndueed 

FIG. 13-THB PIROUETTE 

\^,..-Spin at this point 

PIG. 14-THE PIROUETTE LOOP 

Pirouette movements are very numerous. They require an 
absolu e ntcety of balance. The simple p.rouette is per ormed 
by cuttmg a figure three, making the turn by spinning or roTat 
2iZ Y '°"" "' ;'" ^"^"^ ''^'- ^'-^-" and'fron ate 
1 a f tm,es. or even more, before continuing the movement, if you 

oon i T- 'T'"'- "■'" P'™"^"« -" '^^ combined with a 
loop .f so desired. Make a loop and insert the pirouette at the 
outward swmg of the loop, exactly opposite the point wher h 

fes': e r'T"^'" "" °^^'- ^'^^ -""'er 'pirouette abot 
■shes the three to a great extent, making the figure more of a 

front. Hold to the same edge throughout. 



64 Spalding s Athletic Library. 

A forward outside spin is usually commenced on a 
forward inside, when a change is made to outside, and the un- 
employed foot is lifted up almost as high as the knee of the un- 
employed, and swung round it for the purpose of giving rotation. 
An inside forward spin is usually commenced by a back outside 
and a turn to forward inside, which places the =kater hard 
on the edge and at the same time imparts rotation. A back 
inside spin is usually begun by a forward inside, from which 
turn is made to back outside and the spin completed ; the 
diagram of this figure is the same as the last, but with the 
foot going forward instead of backward. And the inside spin 
is usually done commencing with a forward outside and then 
a turn as in the ordinary three. Some skaters finish ofT these 
spins by raising themselves on the toe, and continuing the rota- 
tion until they are stopped by the front point of the skate boring 
a hole in the ice. The two-foot spin is more graceful, as there 
is no swinging of the unemployed leg. The forward two-foot 
spin is commenced by a curve of outside, which is changed to 
inside, and then the left foot being turned in is put down on the 
inside edge, and the arms being extended at nearly right 
angles to the body, are thrown round with the body to the 
left, and at the same moment the feet are pulled together. 
As soon as the rotation is imparted, the arms are gradually 
brought down to the sides. Although the knees and body 
must be slightly bent before the spin is started, they must 
both be straightened as soon as the rotation begins, and if the 
balance is maintained correctly a man will rotate possibly four- 
teen or fifteen times. At the start he will spin so rapidly that 
his features will be indistinguishable. 

A two-foot pirouette or spin backward is usually begun by 
an approach on the outside edges, turning to back inside when 
rotation is to begin. At this turn swing your body and arms to 
the right. If one can execute the forward two-foot spin either 
to the right or left he will find the backward spins or pirouettes 
similar to the forward figures. For instance, a forward spin 
to the right is a back spin to the left, and a forward spin to the 
left is a back spin to the right. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 65 

THE CROSS-CUT. 




FIG. 15-THE CROSS CUT 

Frequently termed the anvil, the cross-cut is not one of the 
many figures executed with continuous movement. At a given 
point advance is checked and progress is started in a new direc- 
tion. There is no change of edge, however. I will describe a 
cross-cut on the right outside forward edge. Cut a half circle 
on this edge, swerving to the right. Come to a full stop and aided by 
swinging of balance foot, go backward on original foot. Stop when 
you have gone back twice as far as the depth of the semi-circle 
and go forward, cutting another half circle, bearing to your 
right. This second half circle should cut into and out of the 
first circle, forming a perfect oval in a direct line with the 
middle of the cross-cut — the cut or line connecting the upper 
ends of the half circles. 

In skating the cross-cut the unemployed leg must be kept 
behind until the base of the figure is completed, and then 
swung rapidly forward. At first the base of the cross-cut will 
be very short and straight, but with practice it can be en- 
larged two or three feet, and then it will have a considerable 
curve of the true rocker type, and this is the correct form of 
the figure. Small cross-cuts can be skated alternately with loops, 
or four cross-cuts can be skated in the form of a Maltese Cross, 
or they can be inserted in a continuous eight. The cross-cut 
from the inside edge does not come with the ease that it does 
from the outside, because the unemployed leg cannot be swung 
in a way to impart rotation, and in skating inside cross-cuts, 
the skater comes more obviously to a stop before and after 
the drawback, and comes forward or backward, as the case 



66 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



may be, more by kicking out the unemployed leg than by 
swinging it as in the outside cross-cut. 

There is a curious form of cross-cut which is Swedish in 
origin, but even in Sweden, those who can skate it are very 
few; the pecuHarity of it is, that the base is the opposite Vv^ay 
to the base of an ordinary cross-cut. It is accompHshed by 
coming to a standstill, and then getting impulse by kicking out 
the unemployed leg, it comes easier from the inside than from 
the outside edge. 

The cross-cut is said by several authorities to have had its 
foundation in the double three, which is just what its name 
signifies. 

THE ROLLS. 




FIG. 16-EIGHT 
CONSISTING OF 
FOUR ROLLS, IN 
DEVELOPMENT 



Right outside 
forward ~~^. 

Right oatside 
hackv/ard 




Left outside 
backward 



Left outside 
forv/ard 



FIG. 17-FIGURE EIGHT CONSISTING OF FOUR 
ROLLS 



Rolls, in themselves, are comparatively simple figures, but 
they are worked into many combinations, some of them rank- 
ing among the most difficult of all skating maneuvers. The 
rolls are the outer edge, forward and backward, on the right 
and the inner edge, forward and backward on the right foot, 
and the same four on the left foot. Rolls are designated ac- 
cording to direction and to the edge used, such as the outside 
edge roll forward, the inside edge roll, backward, etc. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 67 

When an "edge" is carried to its full extent it is a roll. For 
instance, a complete outside edge forward is an outside edge 
roll. Among the comparatively simple combinations of rolls are 
various eights, such as the one shown in Fig. 17. In Fig. 16 
this eight is shown in process of development. 



'Rightoutside 



Riaht outside 



AdvariGement 



Kignt out 



Left outside Left oat side 

FIG. 18-OUTSIDE EDGE ROLL, FORWARD 



Straight 
Lint of 

Advancement 



Left inside 



Left inside 



Right inside Right inside, 

FIG. 19-INSIDE EDGE ROLL, FORWARD 



Right inside 




Left Inside 

FIG. 20-INSIDE EDGE ROLL, BACKWARD 

'Left outside 




Right outside 

FIG. 21-OUTSIDE EDGE ROLL, BACKWARD 



68 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

Rolls, in order to be accurate, must be cut along an imaginary 
line, shown in Figs. i8, 19, 20 and 21 by dots. The general 
line of advancement is straight and the beginning and end of 
each curve or roll should come close to the imaginary line. 
Thus the curves will alternate to either side of it and preserve 
the uniformity of the figure. 

After making sure that he has trained himself well in the rudi- 
mentary principles of forward and backward skating, the stu- 
dent of figure tactics should practice the outer and inner edges 
which have been mentioned previously. After conquering them a 
long stride forward will have been attained 

The best way of acquiring the outside edge is to take a few 
vigorous strokes, and then bring his feet alongside of each 
other, and allowing them to glide round, so forming a large 
circle. If the direction in which the circle is made is to the 
right, the right foot will be on the outside edge, and the principal 
support will come from the inside, but it should be the study 
of the learner to get his weight on the right and gently lift up 
the left. 

At first he will only be able to go a very little way on the 
right, but he can bring forward the left and place it in front 
of right on the inside edge, and take up the right ; and then 
when he is steady on the left again he must put down the right, 
and so on. When he can do this (which is called treading the 
circle), fairly well to the right, he should reverse the order, and 
do a similar treading the circle to the left. As he progresses 
he will find the glide on the outside edge will gradually become 
longer, and he should not be satisfied until he can finish up 
each treading the circle with a whole circle of outside, taking 
care, if on the right leg, to throw the right shoulder back, and if 
on the left, the left shoulder back. This throwing back of 
shoulders places the skater in a sideways position, which is 
the correct one for any edge, and he should now make 
an outside curve with either foot alternately in the form of 
an eight. 

The manner in which these alternate strokes of outside edge 
are skated is all important ; if they are from the commencement 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 69 

executed in the proper manner, and in correct attitude the 
learner is on the right road to become a graceful skater. To 
attain an easy and graceful movement on the outside edge, it 
is necessary that each curve should be true from start to finish, 
the true segment of a circle whether large or small, and this 
can only be attained by placing the foot which is about to describe 
a curve, parallel with the foot which has just finished one. At 
the end of a curve, say on the right, when the left is put down 
parallel to it in order to become the gliding foot, the right 
is turned over from outside to inside edge, from which the push- 
off is made. 

There are eight edges in figure skating — the right outside for- 
ward, the left outside forward, the right inside forward, the left 
inside forward, the right outside backward, the left outside back- 
ward, the right inside backward and the left inside backward. 
The next to be considered is the inside edge forward. 



THE INSIDE EDGE FORWARD. 

As in the outside edge forward, directions for either foot will 
answer equally well for the other in describing the inside edge 
forward. In this stroke the impelling force is given by one foot, 
in back of and at an angle with the other. Glide steadily along 
on the inside edge, as may readily be gathered from the title. 

While executing the inside edge forward hold the body erect, 
slanting slightly forward. Keep your weight wxll balanced over 
the foot in use. Hold the free foot close behind, with the toes 
pointing outward at an angle, very much of an angle. Also see 
that the toes of the disengaged foot are turned downward. The 
hands should swing gracefully at the sides, and may be raised 
to some extent. 

In the inside edges we have the opposite maneuvers to the 
outside edges. They are not so widely used, nor so easily learned, 
comparatively speaking. Inner edge tactics duplicate both for- 
ward and backward the curves of the outside edge. In skating 
the edges do not glance at the feet, nor bend awkwardly from the 
waist; also keep the knees as straight as possible. 



70 



Spaldhig' s Athletic Library. 



THE OUTSIDE EDGE BACKWARD. 

To learn the outside edge backward it will probably be best 
to practice walking backward on the ice, gradually merging into 
a backward serpentine movement on both feet. Then lean your 
weight to, say, the right side, turning to the outer edge of the 
blade of the right skate, and raise the left foot off the surface 
while in motion. Soon you will be able to circle around to the 
right on this foot. Carry the unemployed foot (in this instance 
the left) directly back of the other, toes pointing downward and 
outward. As you complete the stroke on one foot place the other 
on the ice behind it and swing the body to the opposite side, in 
this manner supplying added momentum. Repeat on the foot 
now engaged the maneuver described in the foregoing sen- 
tences. 



TURNS. 



Left inner forward 



Left outer backward. 




Right oater 
forward 



^ight inner 
Mekward 



FIG. 22-A TURN ON TWO FEET 



Having mastered the edges it will be well to consider the 
turns (see also previous descriptions of the various threes), the 
proper execution of which has much to do in determining the 
success or failure of the pupil. First learn to turn, or change 
your direction on two feet. Start on a straightaway course. 
At a convenient point swing your left shoulder forward and 
toward your right-hand side (assuming that you are on your 
right outside and left inside edges), and turn backward to your 
right inside and left outside edges. Your left foot will naturally 
be somewhat in advance of your right when this change of direc- 
tion is made. You can also turn to the other side, changing 
from the right inside forward and left outside forward, to your 
right outside backward and left inside backward. 



Spalding' s Athletic Libraty. yi 

In addition to the swing of your shoulders, your hips and 
arms may be trained to contribute to your momentum in 
turning. 

Some skaters use this turn in bringing themselves to a stop. 
After changing from forward to backward they point their 
skates outward at a sharp angle and press the inside edges into 
the ice. Others rise on their toes, digging in with the points. 
The simplest method of stopping is to swing your body and 
your skates sharply to either the right or the left, facing to 
right angles of your original course, and to slide along on either 
the outside edge of your left and the inside edge of your right, 
or vice versa, as circumstances dictate. 

THE EIGHTS. 
Figs. i6, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29, 

Ri^M (^^^^^^e forward 



Start 




FIG. 23- AN EASY FIGURE EIGHT 

One of the first endeavors of the beginner is to "cut a figure 
eight." Experts have developed a large number of eights, some 
easy of execution and others requiring ability of the most ad- 
vanced description. We will go into the subject methodically 
and consider the various eights in the order of their intricacy. 

Probably the best known eight is that in which both feet and 
two edges are brought into play, and in which occur no turns 
(technically speaking). One stroke with each foot is required. 
Proceed as follows : 



72 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

Push off, say with the right blade, and make a complete circle 
on the left forward outer edge. At the completion of the circle, 
continue to the right on the right outside edge (forward, of 
course), and return in another circle to your starting place. The 
two circles form a figure eight. Learn to cut each circle perfectly. 
Absolutely correct balance is necessary. Hold the unemployed 
foot behind, and pointing downward, with the knee slightly 
bent. Keep the knee of the employed leg as straight as pos- 
sible. 

When you have become an accomplished figure skater you 
will be able to cut the foregoing eight on the inside forward 
edges in the same manner. 



THE SERPENTINE EIGHT, 




FIG. 24-THE SERPENTINE EIGHT 

The serpentine eight is skated somewhat as one would draw 
a capital letter S. It may, as is the case with practically every 
eight, be executed on either foot, on any edge, and in either 
direction. Beginning with the right outside forward edge, for 
instance, cut a complete circle, and follow into another circle, 
returning to the point where you completed the first circle. Now 
change to the left inside forward, and continue on the same 
course marked by the right. 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 
THE ROCKER EIGHT. 



73 




FIG. 25-A ROCKER EIGHT 

In what is known as the ''rocker eight," a turn, or a "rocker," 
as indicated in the above diagram, is interpolated in the middle 
of the figure. 

THE COUNTER EIGHT. 




FIG. 26— COUNTER EIGHT 

In the counter eight the turn used in the rocker eight is 
replaced by a counter, or, as frequently termed, a counter rock- 
ing turn. 

These eights of two lobes differ from the eights executed by 
Europeans, who, on the contrary, prefer to make them in three 
lobes, or "three-lobe eights." 



74 Spalding'' s Athletic Library. 

THE "ONE-FOOT" AND OTHER CONTINUOUS EIGHTS. 






PIG. 27-THE 
'ONE FOOT" EIGHT 



FIG. 28- 
THE LOOP EIGHT 



FIG. 29-THE 
CROSS CUT EIGHT 



The one-foot eight is one of the many figures of this general 
nature that come under the head of continuous eights. Others 
are the "four edge," "bracket," "loop," "Cross-cut" eights, etc. 
Rocker and the counter eights can also be classified in this sec- 
tion. 

In the one-foot eight there is no change of direction. One- 
half of the figure is executed on the inside edge, the other on 
the outside edge. In the continuous rocker and counter eights 
there is no change of edge, and one of the lobes of figure is 
made forward, the remaining lobe backward. Impetus is given 
by a twist of the body and the swing of the balance foot, etc., at 
the point where the change of front occurs. 

Many skaters prefer to change front, or execute the turns in 
the middle of the eight, but authorities agree that the easiest 
method is to make them at the point where the line of the cir- 
cumference of each lobe swings furthest outward. You must 
have ankles that are absolutely trustworthy in every respect to 
perform continuous eights with good form. Strength and flexi- 
bility must be there. Perfect balance is impossible to do with- 
out. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 75 

THE FOUR-EDGE EIGHT. 
The four-edge eight is one of the continuous eights having 
four curves. Others there are having six curves, etc. To per- 
form a four-edge eight, start at a given point and cut a half 
circle on say, the right outside forward, turning with a three 
at the end of the roll, to the right inside backward and com- 
pleting, with two curves, the first circle of the eight. Instead 
of stopping here, however, you should have sufficient impetus to 
carry you along on the right outside backward edge, making the 
change of edge on the finishing of the first circle. Cut a half 
circle, roll, or curve, as you may choose to call it, on the outside 
backward edge, and change to the right inside forward, with 
which you complete the figure. You are now ready to change 
to the right outside forward and repeat the entire series of 
maneuvers. 

THE BRACKET EIGHT. 
To execute the bracket eight, another continuous four-curve 
eight, make the same changes of edge, etc., as in the four-edge 
figure. In the bracket eight, however, substitute a bracket, or 
counter-three at the turns in place of the three-turn used in the 
four-edge eight. 

THE LOOP EIGHT. 

As may readily be imagined a loop eight is one in which a 
loop takes the place of the bracket and the three in the four- 
edge and bracket eights. The loop eight is another continuous 
four-curve eight. Execute it as follows : 

Start with, say, the right forward outside edge and circle to 
the right. At the extreme outside swing of the circumference 
make a loop, as shown in the diagram referred to. In this loop 
you make a change of front and a complete rotation, but you do 
not change edge or direction. Finish the circle (half of the 
eight) on the outside forward, as you began. Shift to the right 
inside forward edge as you merge into the second circle of the 
figure, inserting a loop as before, and ending the eight on the 
right inside forward edge. 



76 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 
THE CROSS-CUT EIGHT. 



The cross-cut eight is an intricate figure and is more difficult 
than the four-edge, the bracket or the loop eight. One-half is 
cut on the outside forward edge and the other on the inside for- 
ward, but the insertion of the cross-cut necessitates a change to 
the outside backward edge in making the short straight line of 
the cross-cut in the first half, and a change to the inside back- 
ward edge in the cross-cut in the half cut on the inside forward 
edge. Considerable momentum must, of course, be supplied to 
carry the skater along continuously. Exactly the same changes 
of edge are made in the counter cross-cut eight. In the double 
three eight a double three is executed in each lobe of the figure. 
Four edges are used, the outside forward, inside backward, in- 
side forward and outside backward. 



THE MOHAWKS (OR CUT-OFFS). 



light 

outside 

forward 




Left 
outside 



ha-ciiward 



Left outside 
forward 



c^ 



l^iglit outside 
baeliwQrd 




050 



FIG. 30-THE MOHAWK, 
STARTING WITH RIGHT FOOT 



FIG. 31-THE MOHAWK. START- 
ING WITH LEFT OUTSIDE FOR- 
WARD EDGE 



Very effective methods of going from forward to backward 
or backward to forward on an edge of the same character 
are known as Mohawks. They are performed by spread-eagling 
the feet, and come with facility to those who are able, naturally, 
to turn out their feet sufficiently to get into the spread-eagle 
position (which is that of the feet turned out with the heels 
together), while they are capable of being acquired by those to 
whom this is a difficulty, by careful attention to the position of 
the body at the moment of change. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. Jj 

For the forward Mohawk (outside) the skater proceeds, say 
on a curve of right outside forward, and when he is about to 
effect the change to left outside back, he thrusts back his left 
shoulder and brings forward the left leg in front of the right ; 
then turning the toe out as much as possible, swings it round 
and behind the right and places it down on the outside back, 
and at the moment it touches the ice he takes up the right. To 
effect the change the left shoulder has been thrust back, but the 
instant the left is put down the right shoulder must be turned 
back into the proper position suitable to an outside edge back- 
ward. 

In the inside forward Mohawk you should handle your body 
as in the foreging movements, and starting with the right inside 
forward, change to the left inside backward edge. 

The backward Mohawks are made from outside backward to 
outside forward, and from inside backward to inside forward. 

THE CROSS MOHAWK. 
The cross Mohawk is executed by bringing the unemployed 
foot to the front of the other, and putting it in action. The 
stroke is not so graceful nor so widely used as is the forward 
figure. Starting with the right outside forward edge you would 
shift to the left outside backward. 

THE CHOCTAWS. 

Left inside 

iaekward edge ^^/T 

Right. ^^^^;^^J^ J^igjiiS^^^^ .^^mt^ide 

outside ^-^ Inside "^^— asp 'baekward 

pmrd^ forward d^" 

FIG. 32-THE CHOCTAW FIG. 33-THE CHOCTAW 

The Choctaw maneuvers are somewhat similar to the Mohawks. 
In all there are five Choctaws, the out-side and inside forward, 
the outside and inside backward and the cross Choctaw. 



78 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 



In the outside forward Choctaw, start on the right foot, hold- 
ing the unemployed left back, with toes pointing to the rear, 
spread-eagle fashion. Curve to the right and put down the 
left foot on the inside backward edge. 

In the inside forward Choctaw curve toward the left on the 
right foot, and curve to the right after changing to the left 
foot. 



left oatside 
taekward 



Right outside 
\ forward 

,?oint where 
'''' Idgeehanges 



FIG. 34-THE CHOCTAW, BACKWARD, ON BOTH OUTSIDE EDGES 

The backward Choctaws, the outside and inside, change to in- 
side forward and outside forward, respectively. 



THE CROSS CHOCTAW. 
The cross Choctaw, like the cross Mohawk, is formed by 
carrying the unemployed foot to the front, and involves a change 
of edge. Starting with the right outside forward, shift to the 
left inside backward. Of course you must take care to point 
the toes of the left foot well in toward your body as you put it 
into action. 

THE Q's. 



Outside ^^ 
laekYiard 



Oatsid&^^ff^ 
forward 




Oatside-/ ^^ \— inside 
baekwsrdx ] backward 



■Inside 
Jbrward 



Qs» 




FIG. 35-THE FORWARD Q 
(OUTSIDE) 



^\— inside 
''forward 

FIG. 36-THE FORWARD Q 
(INSIDE) 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 79 

The figures known as Q's are popular among figure experts. 
In learning to perform them the first thing you will require is 
the ability to change the edge on either foot. The forward 
Q is commenced on a curve of outside forward, which is 
changed to inside forward when a turn outside back completes 
the figure. 

The inside forward Q is commenced on a curve of inside 
forward, Vv^hich is changed to outside forward when a turn to 
inside back (the common three) completes the figure. 



^ 




n 



outsideforward 
inside Ipaekward 
oatdidt backward. 



FIG. 37-THE BACKWARD Q 

The back Q is commenced on a curve of outside back, which 
is changed to inside back when a turn to outside forward com- 
pletes the figure. This turn is difficult enough when executed 
from the tail of a forward three, but becomes doubly difficult 
in the back two, as the change of edge preceding the turn is 
apt to make the skater bend forward, in which position the 
turn is impossible, and nothing but assiduous practice, keeping 
the body erect and the head well back, will enable the skater to 
make this turn in good form. 

Q's have come to be known as "three edges" in many sections. 

THE SIMPLE GRAPEVINE AND OTHERS. 

THE SERPENTINES. 

Turns have intimately to do with a majority of skating figures, 
and we will do well to delve deeper into the subject than we have 



8o 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



thus far in this book. Next in order to the simple turn or three 
described in the previous paragraphs is the simple grapevine, a 
showy but not particularly intricate figure after once under- 
stood. 

Lcjt^ outside edge 

' inside 

Left- 
Right-y inside edge \outside 

FIG. 38-SIMPLE SERPENTINE ON BOTH FEET 



oat side 




Left 
inside 



Right / 
outsi'dG 




FIG. 39-THE CHAIN SERPENTINE OR CHAIN STEP 



Right 
outside 



inside' 




cha.nge 
.,^"°f Gdges 



FIG. 40-THE BACKWARD SERPENTINE 



A knowledge of the simple serpentine on both feet, the chain 
serpentine (Fig. 39), and the backward serpentine (Fig. 40), 
will render the grapevine easier of understanding. The simple 
serpentine (Fig. 38) consists of going forward with both feet 
parallel on the ice, the right inside edge and the left outside 
edge being used at the same time, and then changing to the right 
outside and the left inside. The two movements are alternated 
quickly. 

The serpentine can also be done on one foot, curving from one 
edge to the other on either skate without changing direction. 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 8i 

This latter serpentine is the more difficiiU. The chain serpentine 
is made with both skates. Pushing with, for instance, the right 
you progress to the front on the left outside edge, cutting this 
line back of the left foot, with the right outside edge. The 
blades curve toward each other, the right crossing in front of 
the left, and you then change to the left and right inside edges, 
until the curved lines again meet, putting you back on the out- 
side edges. Now, if you combine with the chain serpentine the 
turn before mentioned you have the grapevine in its primary 
form. Any figure skater will tell the pupil that two important 
elements of the grapevine are a swing of the body and a power- 
ful drawing together of the heels. In addition enters a useful 
push with the points or toes of the skates, all of which gives the 
much needed momentum during the cutting of the figure. 

Le/f Inside 
"-•'Right inside 

FIG. 41-THE SIMPLE GRAPEVINE 

The simple grapevine (Fig. 41) i" its entirety is performed as 
follows : 

As your feet (going backward) approach each other on the in- 
side edges of the skates (thus cutting an oval figure in the ice) 
prepare to change to the outer edges after their lines cross, 
the right foot leading. Change edge and make the next oval, 
continuing the serpentine curve with the left blade, and cutting 
a three with the right, afterward changing to the right inside 
backward. Swing the body strongly, changing to the left inside 
forward to cut with it another three, coming to the left outside 
backward. The curve of the right skate continues crossing the 
line of the left and forming another oval. Then on the right 
outside (backward) edge you cut another three, changing to 
right inside forward with the left, which, in the process, turns 
from the inside backward to the inside forward. 




82 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

In a previous edition of this book the writer gave a detailed 
description of the grapevine which, owing to the importance of 
the figure, both in itself and as a basis for variations and com- 
binations, will now be repeated : 

"It has been said that the grapevines are figures which no 
skater can teach, and the only way the tyro can learn these 
whirls is by watching and imitating some good skater. How- 
ever, a careful study of the following hints will benefit the 
aspiring figurist. The first thing to acquire is the ability of 
getting up speed by passing one foot in front of the other in 
opposing serpentine lines, an action known as the chain step, 
and what should next be done is to cut a serpentine backward. 
The feet should "track" each other. The grapevine can now 
be practiced. Make certain that you keep faced in the same 
direction. Experts suggest that because the skater turns his 
toes out in changing from forward to backward, and vice versa, 
when changing from backward to forward, he would be wise to 
practice for the grapevine by walking sideways on the ice, now 
with the toes turned in, and again with them turned out. These 
positions of the feet have principally to do with the first section 
of the figure." 

The grapevine should be practiced with the right foot leading 
at the start and then with the left foot in front. In the latter 
case advancement will be made to the right. 



THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE. 



backward 




forward 



FIG. 42-THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH A CUPID'S BOW (A 
VARIATION OF THE GRAPEVINE WITH LOOP 

The double grapevine. Figs. 42 and 43, has several variations 
that result in figures that are very interesting, but at the same 
time difficult. In the double grapevine (forward) move the 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 83 

right foot ahead of the left, using a chain step. Then swing the 
body entirel}^ around, making two turns that result in a complete 
revolution. In this maneuver turn twice on the right foot. Be- 
tween the two turns is inserted a loop with the left foot, using 
the inner edge forward, as shown in Fig. 42. The right foot, in 
the words of several writers on skating, forms a sort of a pivot 
for the left during the cutting of the loop. Now, lead with 
the left skate and glide into what are generally the longest 
curves of the figure. Bring the right across the line of the left 
foot (to the rear) and curve gracefully toward the right-hand 
side on the left outside and right outside forward edges. Then 
swerve to the left and turn on the left foot to the left, changing 
to the left inside back edge. Continue and cut another turn with 
the left, changing to the left outer back edge and simultaneously 
cutting a loop with the right foot between the points of the turns, 
using the inner forward edge. 

Thus, you will see, the turns with the left foot duplicate, 
pointing toward the left of the line of advancement, the turns 
of the right foot at the start. Also the right foot repeats the 
loop first cut by the left foot. 

In the double grapevine the impetus is harder to maintain 
than is the case in the single figure. The backward grapevine 
(double), all skaters agree, is far easier than the forward 
maneuver, as turns can be executed more readily. 

THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH TWO LOOPS. 




FIG. 43-THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH DOUBLE LOOPS 

In the double grapevine with two loops start as you did in 
the vine figure with one loop and turn to the right with the 
right foot on the outer forward edge, cutting a three and cross- 
ing the line of the right, both before and after finishing the 
three, with the left inside forward edge. This circles toward 



84 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

the right, as also does the right foot and both cut loops that 
intersect. The loop with the left foot is cut last, overlapping 
the loop cut by the right. Examine Fig. 43 closely. The left 
foot loop is cut with the inside edge. The left foot leads as 
the loops are completed and with it is a three turn, the con- 
cluding line of which is crossed by the line of the right foot, 
which has curved gracefully toward the right from its initial 
loop. The right foot now curves to the left into another three, 
the left foot crossing the right's line to intersect or lap over a 
loop cut toward the left of the line of the whole figure by the 
right foot after the completion of its second three, which also 
points to the left. The left foot continues from its loop into 
another three, etc., etc. To understand fully the double grape- 
vine with double loops, inspect Fig. 43. 

The double grapevine backward is considered to be easier 
of execution than the forward one. Practice of it will reveal to 
the student of skating that the turns can be executed with a 
lesser amount of effort than those of the forward movement, 
etc. 

THE PHILADELPHIA GRAPEVINE (OR TWIST). 

A 

ba.ckw3.rd 




FIG. 44-THE PHILADELPHIA GRAPEVINE. (USUALLY SKATED 
BACKWARDS) 

The Philadelphia grapevine is a variation of the double grape- 
vine. It can be performed either forward or backward. Like 
the double grapevine, however, it is generally considered to be 
cut more easily and accurately when the skater goes backward. 
The chain backward constitutes the opening maneuver of the 
Philadelphia grapevine, when you desire to cut it backward. 
Keep the left foot inside of and behind the right. The legs 
cross. The outer side of both feet will come close to each 
other, nearly touching, in fact. They should be kept as close 



* Spalding' s Athletic Library. 85 

to parallel with each other as possible. Now bring the right 
skate back to the right to the outside forward edge. Make this 
movement snappily. Throw the left to a curve of inside for- 
ward. The body thus turns a half revolution. The feet sepa- 
rate. Continue the right outside forward and the left inside 
forward edges toward the right and change to the right inside 
backward and the left outside backward respectively. The lines 
of the skates cross. Execute the long curves marked "A" in 
Fig. 44, changing the right foot to the outside backward edge 
and duplicate, so that they point in the opposite direction, the 
four-pointed figures, resembling mountain peaks, that you cut 
at the outset. The jerk or flip of the foot at these points must 
be practiced considerably before it can be performed perfectly. 
This figure is also termed, by some, the Philadelphia twist. 

In the jerk or flip of the foot the ankle is twisted sharply 
and the shoulders are thrown in the desired direction to assist 
the turn. 

The forward Philadelphia grapevine duplicates the backward 
figure. Start with the forward chain step. Before you began 
with the backward chain, etc. Study of Fig. 44 will enable you 
to execute it handily. 

Many skaters use the Philadelphia grapevine to connect cir- 
cles of outside backward edge on either the right or the left 
skate. Thus a Philadelphia twist connects two circles, forming 
an eight. 

THE PHILADELPHIA SPREAD-EAGLE GRAPEVINE. 

■^ 




PIG. 45-PHILADELPHIA SPREAD-EAGLE GRAPEVINE 

By using the turn with the feet held close and inserting a 
spread-eagle in place of the other turn the figure becomes what 
is best known as the Philadelphia spread-eagle grapevine. To 
cut it, start backward just as you would do in the Philadelphia 



86 



Spalding s Athletic Library. 



grapevine. Jerk the right foot back similarly. Make a half-turn 
or revolution, which motion is ended with your left foot. The 
left has continued after your right on its inside forward edge. 
It is now changed to the inside backward edge which, naturally, 
forms the spread-eagle posture. 

Continue the spread-eagle for a distance of several feet. Turn 
your right foot by forcing the toe around and in, bringing it 
to its inner backward edge. Quickly cross it with your left. Put 
the left in place outside and alongside of the right. Now dupli- 
cate these maneuvers, revolving in the opposite direction the left. 



THE RAIL FENCE. 




FIG. 46-PICKET FENCE ON ONE FOOT 




FIG. 47-THE PICKET FENCE (TWO FEET) 



The rail fence is an interesting maneuver. It differs from 
the figure known as the picket fence in that the lines which form 
the latter are straight, while in the rail fence they are made up 
of a series of curves. The picket fence on one foot is shown in 
Fig. 46, and with two feet in Fig. 47. 

The rail fence (Fig. 48) is really a variation of the simple 
grapevine. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 87 

The component figures, however, are executed much closer to 
each other than in the grapevine. Starting with the left inside 
forward and the right inside forward, execute the initial strokes 
of a chain serpentine, coming to the three after the first oval 
and changing to the right outside backward and from the left 




FIG. 48-THE RAIL FENCE 

outside forward to the left inside backward, etc., working back 
to a point on a line with that of your start off, if possible, and 
then advancing to the limit of your first three. The object is to 
repeat these figures side by side and continuously, their final 
appearance, in the minds of some people, resembling a form 
of rail fence. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 




THE BISHOP EIGHT. 

The Bishop Eight is a well-known fancy figure that has for a 
time baffled many fancy skaters in their endeavors to master it. 
Marvin R. Clark, a former skater of note and an authoritative 
writer on skating topics, has described it as follows : 

"The Bishop Eight (see Fig. 49, which is a copy of a drawing 
originally made by Mr. Clark), may be skated singly or in com- 
bination with other skaters. Entering into the combination are 
the outside and inside edge rolls, the cross roll and the threes. 
I will describe it as executed by two persons. Remember that 
the two skaters do not face each other and that the direction 
for one is the instruction for the other. 

"i. The two skaters join right hands, standing sideways to 
each other and facing in opposite directions. 

"2. Make a small half circle on the right foot, outside edge, 
forward. 

"3. Turn a three, at the same time changing the right for 
the left hand, and make a half circle backward on the inside 
edge, right foot, returning to the starting point. 

"4. Going backward on the outside edge, left foot, make a 
curve and a three, turn half way around the circle and change 
to the inside edge, forward, left foot. Make a curve and turn 
a three, from backward to forward, and from inside edge, left 
foot, to outside edge, right foot, coming forward, up to the 
centre, and joining left hands. 

"Put the left foot well over the right, as hands are joined, 
firmly on the ice, on the outside edge, and execute a cross roll. 
Repeat the movements already described, completing the other 
half of the eight. The cross roll should always be put in at the 



Vo2 onofherklj 
of 8 outer edge 
■forward right. 

Start of No2.j 

oater edge ( 

forward right\ 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



8q 




\ Start <f Jiol. 

\ oater edge 

^\J^forward Left. 

■'Nol onotTierhalf 
of 8. outer edge 
forward left. 



..<P^, 



y/ 






FIG. 49- "BISHOP EIGHT" BY TWO PERSONS. THE DOTTED LINES 
SHOW COURSE OF EACH SKATER IN SECOND HALF OF EIGHT 



go Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

point of meeting, and may be accomplished more easily, because 
each skater assists the other with his hands.'' 

INlr. Clark has also described the flying scud, another figure 
for two skaters hand-in-hand. He said : 

"To do the flying scud two skaters face each other and join 
both hands. The skater going forward starts with an outside 
edge roll on the right foot, the one going backward starting with 
an outside edge roll backward on the left foot. Next, the one 
going forward executes an outside edge roll forward on the 
left foot, while the one going backward does an outside edge 
roll backward, on the right foot. At the completion of the roll 
the skater going forward crosses the right foot over the left as 
in a cross roll, making the first half of the three, while the one 
going backward, at the end of the roll, puts the left foot in, 
behind the right, and makes the first part of the three backward. 
The jump is put in at the turn of the three, if desired, and the 
combination is continued at the pleasure of the participants. This 
is in what is knovv'n as 'in field,' and when done 'in eight' only 
the right hands are taken and the jump is omitted." 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



91 



f 

! 



%-. 



iV 



.cS 



FOUR CORNER ROSE BUD 





AN INTRICATE GRAPEVINE 



THE BALL OF TWINE 



A LOCOMOTIVE 




TULIP 



'^ 






MALTESE CROSS 



foot foot 



THE "LILAC" 
(CUT BACKWARDS) 
DIFFICULT FANCY FIGURES 



92 Spa/difiji^'s Athletic Library. 



RULES, ETC., FOR A FIGURE 
SKATING CONTEST 



In order that those interested may be given an idea of the 
nature of the tests for competition in a figure skating contest, 
the following are the conditions covering a recent National Cham- 
pionship meet at St. Nicholas Rink, Nev^ York: 

"A total failure is marked zero. 

"A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. 

"The number of points to be given to the one standing first in 
any section of contestants shall be that of the number of competi- 
tors. Should there be two or more of equal merit they should be 
marked the same number; and the one coming next below takes 
the number resulting from subtracting the number of competitors 
above him from the number entered. 

"At the conclusion of each figure, each judge shall, without 
consultation with his associate judges, mark the number of 
points which he awards to each competitor." 

The figures through which each contestant must pass in order 
to qualify are : 

"Outside edge roll forward and backward, single and double 
flat foot spins, cross foot and two foot whirls; inside edge roll 
forward and backward, figure eight on one foot forward, single 
and double circles; curved angles— threes, single, double and 
chain, beginning on inside or outside edge; figure eight on one 
foot backward, single and double circles; cross roll forward in 
field and eights, single and double circles; cross roll backward 
in field and eights, single and double circles, loops and ringlets 
on inside and outside edges, single and in combination; change 
of edge roll forward and backward, beginning on either outside 
or mside edge; curved angles— rocking and counter rocking 
turns from outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside 



Spalding' s Athletic Library^ 



93 












NINE INTERESTING CROSSES 
By J. F Bacon, in Sandow's Magazine 



94 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

edge, forward and backward ; curved angles — cross-cuts or anvils 
on inside and outside edges ; grapevines, toe and heel movements, 
embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements 
on both toes. 

"In case of a tie the judges shall order the competitors so tied 
to skate five specialties each." 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

EQUIPMENT FOR SPEED AND 
FIGURE SKATERS 



The equipment for both figure and speed skaters is a matter 
that should be given careful consideration. The costume, skates, 
shoes and various other requisites must be of the best material 
and thoroughly suited to the practical needs of the wearer. In 
the Spalding Catalogue even the most exacting ice expert can 
find just what he needs at a moderate cost. 

Undoubtedly the best speed skate made is the Spalding Tubular 
Racing Skate. For years past racing men have been looking for 
a skate that could be depended upon absolutely. Ordinary solder 
is not always sufficient to -^tand the strain at certain points when 
a man is turning a corner at full speed, and this is one reason 
why the Spalding Tubular Steel Skate, with every joint brazed 



like a bicycle frame — not soldered— jumped into such great popu- 
larity immediately upon its introduction. This skate embraces 
more good points necessary to a first-class racing skate than any 
other style. The blades are very thin, made of 1-16 inch Norway 
tool steel hardened; toe and heel plates are made of the best partly 
hardened steel, left full size so that they can be cut to fit any size 
shoe. The Spalding Tubular Steel Racing Skate is made in three 
lengths of blade— 14, 15 and 16 inches— and costs $6.00 per pair. 
For over thirty years Peck & Snyder's ice skates have stood at 
the head of skate construction, and the boys of to-day take the 
same pride in a pair of Peck & Snyder's skates that their fathers 
did a generation ago. In fact, every club skate in use now is a 
direct copy from the original Peck & Snyder one. 



96 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



For the speed skater, the best Peck & Snyder skate only costs 
$2.50 per pair, and he has a choice of all steel or wood top. Other 
skates, of the famous Peck & Snyder American Club style, can 
be bought at prices ranging from 60 cents to $5.00. 

Peck & Snyder Hockey Skates are made after models used by 
the leading players in the United States and Canada. Hockey 
Skates cost from $1.50 to $5.00 per pair. 

Fancy skaters require what is known as the Peck & Snyder 
Rink Skate, which is suited to this class of skating. They are 
made in men's and women's models, and vary in price from 
$2.00 to $5.00. 

The speed skater needs full length tights of wool, so as to 
absorb perspiration; a sweater, ankle braces, at least two jerseys, 
to change between races; strong straps, scabbards for the blades 
of his skates, a holder to be used when sharpening the runners; 
a bath robe to put on after a race, so as to prevent a chill, and a 
toque, or close-fitting knitted cap, etc. 

The shoes must be well made and well fitting. 

Figure skaters require a sweater, knickerbockers, woolen stock- 
ings and ankle braces, unless the ankles are unusually strong. 
Their shoes must be chosen with the greatest care, owing to the 
strain to which they are subjected. The blades should be kept in 
scabbards when not in use. 

Where racing skates are to be used in rinks indoors, it is gen- 
erally made a rule that an extra attachment shall be worn to cover 
the unprotected point of the skate. This is made of soft steel, 
with screw to attach to blade, and is long enough to permit 
adjustment to various sizes of skates. The price is 25 cents per pair. 

A very useful implement 
is a holder for sharpening 
racing skates. With the aid 
of this arrangement racing 
skates can be kept in perfect 
condition with an oilstone. 
The holder will lit either 14, 15 or 16-inch skates of tubular 
construction, and is extremely simple to manipulate. They cost 
$1.00 each. 




Spalding' s Athletic Library, 



97 




Patented July 1, 1902 



The Spalding Patent Ankle Support and Skate 
Strap is the simplest and most effective ankle sup- 
port yet invented. It will be found of value not 
only to those with weak ankles, but among the 
more hardy skaters should prove pop- 
ular on account of the fact that it 
combines a skate strap with ankle 
brace. 

Ladies, with the aid of the Spalding 



Patent Ankle Support and Skate Strap, may 
use any of the full clamp American Club 
skates as readily as the half clamp skate 
with heel strap. A pair costs 25 cents. 

The ankle brace attachment, which is very 
popular, is made of steel, handsomely nickel- 
plated, with a rib running up through the 
centre, which strengthens the brace and makes it light, strong 
and durable. These cost 75 cents a pair. 





USED BY THE SPEEDIEST SKATERS, $5.00 



A GOOD $3.00 SHOE 



Spalding's Skating Shoes are designed exclusively for skating, 
and are made with great care and of the best materials. The 
prices range from $3.00 to $5.00 per pair. 

For the benefit of those who wish to know the comparative sizes 
of shoes and skates the table on following page will prove of interest. 



98 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



THE FOLLOWING WILL SHOW THE RELATIVE SIZES OF SHOES AND 

SIZE OP SKATES. LENGTH OP 

SHOES, NO. SKATE, IN. 

11, II 1-2. . . . . . . 8 

12, 12 1-2, 13. . . . . . . 81-2 

I, I 1-2, 2. ...... 9 

2 1-2, 3. . . . . . o . 91-2 

3 1-2, 4, 4 1-2. ...... 10 

5, 5 1-2, 6. . , . . . . 10 1-2 

6 1-2, 7, 7 1-2, 8. , .... II 

8 1-2, 9, 9 1-2, . . . . .111-2 

10, 10 1-2, II. . . . . , .12 





The Spalding Tubular Steel 
Racing Skate 

pOR years past racing men have been looking for a skate 
that could be depended upon absolutely. Ordinary 
solder is not always sufficient to stand the strain at certain 
points when a man is turning a corner at full speed, and 
this is one reason why the Spalding Tubular Steel Skate, 
with every joint brazed like a bicycle frame— not soldered, 
jumped into such great popularity immediately upon its 
mtroduction late last season. We claim that this skate 
embraces more good points necessary to a first-class rac- 
ing skate than any other style on the market to-day. We 
have the opinions and practical experience of some of the 
most prominent racing men in this country to go by, 
notably Mr. Sam See, who passed on most of the details of 
construction, and every 
pair is backed up with 
a positive guarantee of 
quality. If it gives way 
through any fault of 
i t s construction, w e 
will gladly replace with 
a new pair or refund 
the money. 



Some Good Points 

about the Spalding 

Tubular Steel Racing 

Skate 

Ab solu tely guaranteed ; 
very light weight, all 
tubular steel construc- 
tion; every jointbrazed, 
not soldered, making it 
the strongest racing 
skate manufactured; 
blades very thin, made 
of 1-16 in. Norway tool 
si eel, hardened; toe 
and heel plates made 
of the best partly hard- 
ened steel, left full size 
so that they can be cut 
to fit any size shoe. In 
three lengths of blade, 
14, 15 and 16 inches. 

Pair, $6.00 




A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 

San Francisco Montreal, Can. London, England 



Peck & Snyder's "American Club" Skates 




No. 5, Heel and toe plates of highest quality cold rolled steel, 
with bevel edges. Ribbed runners of best welded tool steel, 
tempered. Toe and heel plates handsomely engraved. The 
whole skate highly polished, nickel-plated and buffed. Each 
pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 12 inches. . Per pair, $5.00 




No. 2. Heel and toe plates of best quality cold rolled steel. 
Finest grade welded tool steel runners, tempered, and edges 
beveled. Engraved toe and heel plates. Entire skate nickel- 
plated. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 12 in. Pair, $3.50 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



New York 


Chicago 


St. Louis 


Boston 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Buffalo 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Kansas City 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Peck 6c Snyder's "American Club" Skates 




No. 4-0. Welded tool steel runners, hardened and tempered, 
nickel-plated throughout. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 
to 12 inches Per pair, $2.50 




eSm: •"••: "ill 

No. I. The runners of best cast steel, hardened, nickel-plated 
throughout. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to I2 
inches. ........ Per pair, $l.50 

No. OO. Runners of best cold rolled steel. Entire skate full 
nickel-plated. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 12 
inches Per pair, $I.OO 





No. O. Runners of best cold rolled steel. Entire skate bright 
finish. Each pair paper wrapped. Sizes 8 to 12 in. Pair, 60c. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



York 


Chicago 


St. Louis 


on 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


ilo 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


jas City 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Peck & Snyder's "American Club" Skates 




lllllllllllllll llilllllllllllllimP^°^''^w'TEWRte!III!ll!!f^^ 

^lllllllllllllllimi Illlllllllllllllilllllimmiilli l mmiMMIlllllllllNllilllllllNJlim 



|[|iniilMiliilllllll|imilllllllllL 



No. 5L 

No. 5L. Highest quality welded and tempered steel ribbed run- 
ners. The entire skate highly polished, nickel-plated and 
neatly engraved. Green straps and extra fine finish through- 
out. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to ii inches. Pair, $5.00 




No. 2L 

No. 2L. Best welded steel runners, tempered and beveled 
edges. Other parts of highest quality cold rolled steel. All 
parts nickel-plated. New style foot plate, neatly engraved. 
Maroon straps. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to ii 
inches. . Per pair, $4.00 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 
Minneapolis 
Philadelphia 
Syracuse 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 
Pittsburg 



Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Peck & Snyder's "American Club" Skates 




No. 4-OL 

No. 4-OL. Welded steel runners, tempered, nickel-plated 
throughout, russet straps. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 
II inches. ....... Per pair, $3.00 




No. OL 

Best rolled steel runners. Other parts of cold rolled steel. Rus- 
set straps. Sizes 8 to ii inches. 

No, OOL. Nickel-plated. In paper box. . Per pair, $1.60 
No. OL. Bright finish. Paper wrapped. . " 1.25 



A. G. SPALDING fii BROS. 

Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



New York 


Chicago 


St. Louis 


Boston 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Buffalo 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Kansas City 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Peck 5 Snyder's "American Club" Skates 




No. IL. Best cast steel runners, hardened. All parts nickel- 
plated. Russet leather straps. Each pair iii paper box. Sizes 
8 to II inches Per pair, $2.25 




No. 19 



No. 19. Made with bright finished cold rolled steel foot plates, 
polished rolled cast steel runners, russet leather straps. Each 
pair paper wrapped. Sizes 8 to 11 inches. . Per pair, 90c. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



New York 


Chicago 


St. Louis 


Boston 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Buffalo 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Kansas City 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



66 



Feck & Snyder's 
Championship" Hockey Skate 




No. Ai 

No. AI. The same model as used by the leading hockey players 
in Canada and the United States. The blades are of the finest 
quality three-ply razor steel, hand forged and highly tempered. 
Extra heavy electro-nickel-plated and highly polished through- 
out. Each pair in box containing a piece of Selvyt polishing 
cloth for keeping the skates in perfect condition. Made in 
sizes 9 to II 1-2 inches Per pair, $5. OO 

No. Al-L. Ladies'. Like above, but small heel plate and nar- 
row toe plate. Sizes 9 to ii 1-2 inches. . Per pair, $5.00 

Peck & Snyder's Hockey Skate— Button Heel 



^__ ^ , ©j 

"""ii'"""i""i'iillllill"i'ii"iii"llllllllll lllllllllllllllll liiimiiiiiimimiiiiii iiiiiiiii miiiii iiimiii |||||||||||||||||| iMii||mii|iil|HllllllllllliyilllllLlj 

No. 6H 

Half clamp fastenings, button heels, highly tempered and hard- 
ened three-ply welded steel runners. Each pair in paper box. 

No. 6H. Nickeled and bufifed, ribbed runners. Sizes 10 to 12 
inches Per pair, $4.00 

No. 6HL. Ladies'. Nickeled and buffed, ribbed runners, small 
heel plate and narrow toe plate, button heel. Sizes 8 to 10 1-2 
inches Per pair, $4.00 

No. 26H. Nickel-plated throughout, plain runners. Sizes 10 
to II 1-2 inches Per pair, $3.00 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore San Francisco 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Montreal, Can. 

Kansas City Syracuse Pittsburg London, England 





Peck & Snyder's Hockey Skate— Full Clamp 




The full clamp fastenings for hockey skates introduced by us some 
seasons ago has proven by its great popularity to be the style most 
adapted to the uses of players who do not find it convenient to 
keep a separate pair of shoes particularly for their hockey skates. 
The grades listed below are all made in this style. 

No. 9H. Full clamp fastening. Extra heavy nickel-plated and 
specially polished throughout. Blades of absolutely best quality 
three-ply welded steel, highly tempered, with ribbed flange at 
bottom. Made in both men's and women's models. Each pair 
in box, neatly wrapped. Sizes 9 to 12 inches. Per pair, $5.00 

No. 9HL. Ladies'. Like above, but small heel plate and narrow 
toe plate. Sizes 9 to 11 inches. . . . Per pair, $5.00 

No. 7H. Nickel-plated throughout, not polished; ribbed run- 
ners. Sizes 9 to 12 inches Per pair, $4. OO 





No. CH. Full clamp fastenings. Highly tempered and hardened 
three-ply welded steel runners. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 
9 to 12 inches. Per pair, $3.00 

No. CHL. Ladies'. Like above, but small heel plate and narrow 
toe plate. Sizes 8 to 11 inches. . . . Per pair, $3.00 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 


St. Louis 


Washington 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


San Francisco 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Montreal, Can. 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 


London, England 



ti 



Peck & Snyder's 
Special Ladies'" Hockey Skate 




No. CHLS. Peck & Snyder's ''Special Ladies' " Hockey 
Skate. Made with key clamp fastening in front and best qual- 
ity leather heel strap. Flat runners of highly tempered and 
hardened three-ply welded steel. Each pair in paper box. 
Sizes 8 to 10 1-2 inches. .... Per pair, $3.00 

Peck S Snyder's Hockey Skates— Full Clamp 




No. DH. Full clamp fastenings. Runners of best cast steel, 
hardened. Entire skate full nickel-plated and buffed. Each 
pair paper wrapped. Sizes g to 12 inches. . Per pair, $2.00 

No. EH. Full clamp fastenings. Flat runners of best cold rolled 
steel. Entire skate full nickel-plated. Each pair in paper box. 
Sizes 9 to 12 inches Per pair, $l.50 

No. EHL. Ladies'. Like above, but with small heel plate and 
narrow toe plate. Sizes 8 to 10 1-2 inches. . Per pair, $l.50 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 


St. Louis 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Washingrton 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Peck & Snyder's 
Hockey Skate — Canadian Pattern 




No. 5H 

Canadian hockey pattern. Finest quality three ply welded steel 
runners. Carefully hardened and tempered. Each pair in paper 

box. 
No. 5H. Nickeled and buffed, ribbed runners. Sizes 9 to ii 1-2 
inches Per pair, $3.50 

No. 5HL. Ladies'. Nickeled and buffed, ribbed runners, small 
heel plate and narrow toe plate. Sizes 8 to 10 1-2 in. Pair,$3.50 



Peck & Snyder's 
Hockey Skate— Canadian Pattern 




N0.4H 

No. 4H. Canadian hockey pattern. Plain runners of welded 
and tempered steel; nickel-plated and buffed throughout. Each 
pair in paper box. Sizes 9 to 11 1-2 inches. Per pair, $2.50 

No. 3H. Canadian hockey pattern. Runners of best cold rolled 
steel. Entire skate full nickel-plated. Each pair in paper box. 
Sizes 9 to II 1-2 inches Per pair, $I.OO 

No. 2H. Canadian hockey pattern. Runners of cold rolled 
steel. Entire skate bright finish. Each pair in paper box. 
Sizes 8 to II 1-2 inches Per pair, 75c. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 
Minneapolis 
Philadelphia 
Syracuse 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 
Pittsburg 



Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Peck Sc Snyder's 
Rink Skate for Fancy Skating- 



Button Heel 




The runners of these skates are absolutely the hardest made and 
have curved bottoms, as adopted by the leading skating clubs of 

this country. 
No. 17. Highly polished, nickel-plated and buffed; heel buttons; 

finest three-ply welded steel ribbed runners, extremely well 

tempered and concaved. Specially designed for fancy skating. 

Sizes 9 to 12 inches Per pair, $5.00 

No. I7L. Ladies'. Same as above, but with small heel plate 

and narrow toe plate. SizesStoii i-2 inches. Per pair, $5.00 

Peck & Snyder's Rink Skate 
For Fancy Skating— Canadian Pattern 




No. 18. Foot plates same as on our Canadian pattern hockey 
skates; highly polished, nickel-plated and bufTed throughout. 
Finest three-ply welded steel ribbed runners, well tempered and 
concaved. Specially designed for fancy skating. Sizes g to I2 
inches Per pair, $5.00 



Toe Attachment for Rink Racing 

Where racing skates are to be used in rinks in- 
doors it is generally made a rule that an extra 
attachment shall be worn to cover the unpro- 
tected point of the skate. This is made of soft 
steel, with screw to attach to blade, and is long 
enough to permit adjustment to various sizes of 
skates Per pair, 25c. 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 
Minneapolis 
Philadelphia 
Syracuse 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 
Pittsburg 



Washington , 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Peck 6c Snyder's 
Rink Skate for Fancy Skating— Full Clamp 





liiliilllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllili^^ H , i|||iiii:iiii;i:i;;ii;;,,,,n,,on| 

llllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllMlllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllll illlllll^^ 

No. i6 

No. 16. Full clamp fastenings; highly tempered and concaved, 
three-ply welded steel ribbed runners. All parts heavily nickel- 
plated and highly polished. Specially designed for fancy skat- 
ing. Sizes 9 to 12 inches Per pair, $5.00 

No. I6L. Ladies'. Same as above, but with small heel plate 
and narrow toe plate. Sizes 8 to lo 1-2 inches. Per pair, $5.00 




No. 15 

No. 15. Nickel-plat'^d and buffed throughout, full clamp fasten- 
ings, runners of welded steel, hardened and tempered beveled 
edges. Sizes 9 to L2 inches. . . . Per pair, $4.00 

No. I5L, Ladies'. Same as above, but with small heel plate and 
narrow toe plate. Sizes 8 to 10 1-2 inches. Per pair, $4.00 

No, 14. Nickel-plated, full clamp fastenings, runners of cast steel, 
hardened beveled edges. Sizes 9 to 12 inches. Per pair, $2. OO. 

No. I4L. Ladies'. Same as above, but with small heel plate and 
narrow toe plate. Sizes 8 to 11 inches. . Per pair, $2.00 

Scabbards for Blades of Racing Skates 



We had quite a call last season for leather scabbards to protect 
blades of racing skates. Made in three sizes to fit 14, 15 and 16- 
inch blades. Mention size when ordering. 
Per pair, 75c. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal. Can. 
London, Eng-land 



New York 


Chicago 


St. Louis 


Boston 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Buffalo 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Kansas City 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Peck & Snyder's Wood Top Hockey Skate 




No. 3R, Varnished beechwood top. Runners of cast steel, 1-4 
inch thick, straight on bottom. Lengths of wood top 10, 11 
and 12 inches. Complete with straps. . . Per pair, $1.50 

Peck & Snyder's Double Runner Sled Skates 




No. DR. By using these skates it is possible to take a child on 
the ice without fear of injury. The runners are so wide apart 
that any child can stand on them easily. They are adjustable 
from 6 to 9 1-2 inches and furnished with straps complete. 
Each pair in paper box. ..... Per pair, 50c, 

Holder for Sharpening Racing Skates 

With the aid of this ar- 
rangement racing skates 
can be kept in perfect 
condition with an oil 
stone. The holder will 
fit either 14, 15 or 16-inch 
skates of tubular construction and is extremely simple to manipulate. 
Each, $1.00 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



Chicago 


St. Louis 


Minneapolis 


Baltimore 


Philadelphia 


Denver 


Syracuse 


Pittsburg 



Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Peck 

& Snyder's 

''Championship" 

Racin 

and Speed 

Skate 




18 inch blades, 
10, 10 1-2, 11 
■2. All steel; 
tops to split or 
give way; tool steel rib- 
bed blades hand forged 
and highly tempered, 1-8 
inch wide. All nickel-plated 
and polished. Complete with 
straps. 



er pair, $2.50 



New York 
Boston 
Buffalo 
Kansas City 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



Chicago 
Minneapolis 
Philadelphia 
Syracuse 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 
Pittsburg 



Washington 
San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



J 

en 
a. 

CO 

Oh 

o 
o 



C/3 

en 

u 
CU 



*mm 




^ CD'S 



o 

09 



0N 



u o 
S ^ 

1^ 



C .2 

§1 



O III 

a 



M W CO 



o w M 



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>^ s 

II 



SPRING CATCH SKATE STRAP 




Requires no holes in strap, and is quickly and permanently fastened at any 
point, and as quickly released. 

No. 20. Russet or Black, 20-inch. Per pair, 20c. 
No. 28. Russet or Black, 28-inch. " 25c. 

SKATE STRAPS 




Plain buckle, Russet or Black, 20, inch. Pair, 
Plain buckle, Russet or Black, 28-inch. " 



SKATE BAGS 



No. I. Double Pocket, cloth. 
No. 2. Double Pocket, felt. . 
No. 4. Felt, with draw strings. Made 
centre so that skates will not rub. 




IOC. 

15c. 




Each, 25c. 

" 35c. 

with division in 

Each, 50C. 



A, C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 
Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



"Special" Skating Shoe 




Material is a fine quality 
calfskin, made similar to 
our No. 2)2)7 Special Rac- 
ing Shoe, but slightly 
heavier. Straps at ankle 
and instep give needed 
support, and altogether 
this is really an ideal 
skating shoe. 

NO. 356. Pair, $5.00 



Spalding's Skating Shoe 



We have been supplying 
these shoes to skaters for 
some seasons past with 
general satisfaction. Ma- 
terial is of fine quality 
calfskin, machine sewed, 
with supporting straps at 
ankle and instep. 

NO. 555. Pair, $4.00 



Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 




A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Franiscco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Ladies' Skating Shoes 




No. 350 



No. 350. Ladies' Skating Shoes, These will be found abso- 
lutely first-class in material, workmanship and design. They 
are made of finest quality calfskin on special lasts, are trim 
and neat in appearance and will give excellent satisfaction. 
Equipped with straps at instep and ankle. Per pair, $4.50 

No. 360. Ladies' Skating Shoes, with Ankle Brace. Same 
as above, but equipped with Spalding Steel Ankle Brace. 
This is inserted in shoe so as not to interfere in the slightest 
with free movements, but to give ample support to 
ankles Per pair, $5.00 

Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Skater's Special Racing Shoe 



Designed for fast work 
and used exclusively by 
the speediest skaters. 
Finest quality through- 
out; extremely light in 
weight and well made. 

NO. 537 
Per pair, $5.00 




Skating Shoe 




Made of good quality 

calfskin, machine sewed. 

A substantial shoe. 

NO. 552 
Per pair, $5.00 



Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Spalding's 

Championship Hockey 

Sticks 

MADE of the finest selected 
Canadian rock elm, and ex- 
clusively used and endorsed 
by the Ottawa team, of Ottawa, 
champions of the world and holders 
of the Stanley Cup, and by the 
Victoria team, of Winnipeg and 
the famous Shamrock team, of 
Montreal, former champions. 
These sticks will not fray at the 
bottom where the sticks come in 
contact with the ice, and will re- 
tain their shape under all condi- 
tions. The very important matter 
of weight and balance has been 
carefully considered, and the 
"Spalding Stick" is much lighter, 
yet stronger than any on the 
market. 



No. O. 

Goal and Defense Model 

Each, 6oc. 

No. O. 

Regular Forward Model. 

Each, 50c. 

No. O. 

Long Blade Forward Model 

Each, 50c. 



Send for 
catalogue 
of all 

athletic 
sports. 
Mailed free 
to any 
address. 




Regular Forward 



Goal and Defense Long Blade Forward 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



SPALDING'S 
HOCKEY STICKS 

"Regulation" Hochey Slich 

Made on the lines of our best grade Regular Forward 

Stick and of selected and well seasoned timber. Very 

popular as an all around stick 

No. I. "Regulation." Each, 50c. 

''Wigwam" Hochey stick 

Indian hand made stick. Made of yellow birch and noted 
particularly for rigidity and lightness. The product of a 
tribe of Indians in Canada, who, for years past have been 
turning out sticks that have become famous there. Made 
only in regular model. 

Each, 



No. W. "Wigwam, 



50c. 



''Practice" Hochey stich 

Regulation size and made of good quality timber. A very 
serviceable stick. 




No. 2. 



Practice." Each, 25c, 



"Youths'" Hochey stich 

'^^^ Smaller than Regulation and painted red. A vei-y strong 

and serviceable stick for boys. 

^^^ No. 3. "Youths'." Each, 25c. 



Send for Spalding's handsomely 

illustrated catalogue of all sports. 

Mailed free to any address in the 

United States or Canada. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 

Baltimore 

Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 




No. 30 




Leg Guard 



Hockey Shin Guards 

No. 30. Made of heavy sole leather, corrugated and molded 
to shape, but flexible so that they will conform to any 
size leg. The new method of attaching the light but 
strong straps permits the guards to be bound tightly to 
leg and prevents them from getting loose or shifting. 
A very light guard, but gives absolute protection to the 
shins Per pair, $1.50 

No. 60. Made with covering of black leather backed up 
with real rattan reeds and felt padding. Leather straps 
and binding. Light in weight and well made. Per pair, ^^.55 

We are making three sizes and styles of canvas shin guards, 
very well made and light in weight. 

No. F. Canvas shin guards, 
10 inches long, fitted with 
leather straps, padded with 
reed and felt ; equipped with 
ankle protectors. Per pair, $1.00 

No. 8. Canvas. Length 9 in., 
reed and felt padding. Pair, Wc 

No. 9. Canvas. Length 11 in., 
reed and felt padding. Pair, 50c. 

No. 11. Cotton moleskin, 
backed up with real rattan 
and felt padding; strongly 
made. . . Per pair, 60c. 



Hockey Leg Guards 



No. 4. Leather. 
No. 5. Canvas. 



Per pair, $2.50 
2.00 




No F 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Regulation Hockey Goals 




The importance of having goals that are substantially made 

and which conform exactly to the rules cannot be disregarded. 

Those that we furnish are duplicates of those used in the best 

rinks in Canada. 



Per pair, $18.00 



Spaldi 



ings 




Gl 



oves 



Alade of tan leather, lightly padded on fingers, back and 
gauntlet. 



Per pair, $3.50 



Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Spalding's 

Official 

Hockey Pucks 

HTHE Spalding Official Trade- 
Mark Puck has been adopted 
as the official puck of "The Can- 
adian Amateur Hockey League," 
composed of the following world- 
famed teams: Ottawas, Victorias, 
Shamrocks, Montreal and Quebec. 

No. 13. Each, 50c. 



^^PRACTICE" 

"yHE Spalding "Practice" Puck 
is regulation size and really 
better than the so-called official 
pucks turned out by other manu- 
facturers. 

No. 15. Each, 25c. 



Extract from Official Rules 

OF THE 

Canadian Amateur Athletic 
League 

Sec. 13. The Spalding Hockey 
Puck, the official puck of the 
League, must be used in all 
matches. 




SEE THAT OUR 
TRADE-MARK 
APPEARS ON 
PUCK ITSELF 
BEFORE USING 



SEND FOR SPALDING'S HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE. MAILED FREE TO ANY ADDRESS IN 
THE UNITED STATES OR CANADA. WRITE FOR ONE. 



A. C. SPALDING Sc BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 

Baltimore 

Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



SPALDING'S HOCKEY STOCKINGS 




Our "Highest Quality" Stockings are superior 
to anything ever offered for athletic wear, 
and combine all the essentials of a perfect 
stocking. They are all wool, have white feet, 
are heavy ribbed, full fashioned, hug the leg I'l'llllla 
'lllllllllill closely but comfortably, and are very durable. Eilililjipl 
The weaving is of an exclusive and unusually |[|ai||j|jjj 
handsome design. lii liH 

No. 3-0. Plain colors, white feet. Pair. $1.50 =='''^f"-" 




Colors:- Black, Navy and Maroon. Other 

colors to order only. Prices on application. 

No. 3-OS. Striped,white feet; made 

to order only; any color. Pair,$1.75g 



iniif 



STRIPED RIDDED STOCKINGS 

Best quality, all wool; stripes 2-inch, alternate. Colors: Scarlet and Black, 
Navy and Red, Orange and Black, Maroon and White, Royal Blue and White, 
Royal Blue and Black, Navy and White. Other colors to order only; prices 

on application. 
No. IRS. Heavy weight. ..,...,. Per pair, $1.25 

No. 2RS. Medium weight " 1.00 

No. 3RS. Good weight " .75 



PLAIN COLORS 



No. IR. Heavy weight, all wool Per pair, 81.00 

No. 2R. Medium weight, all wool " .80 

No. 3R. Good weight, wool legs and cotton feet. ... " .60 

No. 4R. Cotton " .25 

Colors; Black, Navy, Maroon, Royal Blue and Scarlet. 

Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 



HOCKEY PANTS 





No. 2H No. 5B 

No. 2H. Heavy brown canvas, padded hips and knees. . . Per pair, $1.00 

No. IH. Special quality brown canvas, hips and knees well padded. " 1.75 

No. 3H, Special quality. Lightest and strongest brown canvas manufac- 
tured used in these pants. Hips and knees properly padded. Thighs have 
cane strips Per pair, $2.00 

No. 5H. Goal Tenders' Pants. Made of moleskin; hips and knees padded 
with fine curled hair; the thighs covered with cane strips. Per pair, $3.00 

No. 5B. Special Pants for Forwards. Made of heavy brown canvas, padded 
lightly on hips and very loose fitting Per pair, $1.00 



No. XH. Pants. Made of heavy white drill, padded hips and knees. 



.75 



Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 



SPALDING'S 

"SPECIAL" 
HOCKEY SHOE 

Material is a fine quality 
calfskin. Straps at ankle 
and instep give needed 
support, and altogether 
this is an ideal hockey 
shoe, particularly for for- 
wards. 

NO. 336. Pair, $5.00 



SPALDI NG'S 
HOCKEY SHOE 

We have been supplying 
these shoes to hockey 
players for some seasons 
past with general satis- 
faction. Material is fine 
quality calfskin, machine 
sewed, with supporting 
straps at ankleandinstep, 

INO. 335. Palp, $4.00 





No. 335 



Send for Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of ; 
sports. Mailed free to any address in the United 
States or Canada. 



A. C. SPALDirdC & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



2U 



HEALTH ANSWERS 

BY PROF. E. B. WARMAN 

SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 213 

Contents: Necessity for exercise in the summer; three rules for bicycling; when 
going up-hill; sitting out on summer nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a 
houde; how to obtain pure air; bathing; salt water baths at home; a substitute 
for ice water; drinking ice water; to cure insomnia; asleep in two minutes; for those 
who ride wheels; summer outdoor exercise; profuse perspiration; danger of checking 
perspiration; di'ess, hot weather; light colored clothing; how to avoid catching cold; 
eating; a few good rules; drinking; how to go up and down stairs; the proper way to 
breathe; correct position; to secure correct position; the right way to sit; when you 
are walking; perfect freedom; stationary running; fish as brain food; condiments; 
internal baths; honey; anemic condition; high collars; alcohol; measurements of 
women; process of digestion; southern corn; children dining; blanched almonds; 
ice-cold water; beans; running; insomnia; consumptives; tub bath; codfish and po- 
tatoes; rheumatism; strength begins in the stomach; nervousness; poor complexions; 
lines about the mouth; sleeplessness and nervousness; school gymnastics; coffee; 
feats of strength; palpitation of the heart; measurements of men; catching cold 
easily; hoping against hope; sea salt; what is health ? what is disease? strength from 
the earth; nutrition; winter underwear; quantity of air; in your athletic work; rub 
down after the bath; amount of food required; sleeping without a pillow; short wind- 
edness; woolen underwear; complexion tablets; bathing when tired; beauty; the brain 
worker; two meals a day; how often to exercise; mixed diet; nostiil breathing; blush- 
ing; the lungs; sallow, or muddy complexion; facial muscles; draughts; vegetarians; 
a perfect woman; gray hair; eat less; stoop shouldered; eat more; varicose veins; 
offensive breath; offensive perspiration; consumption; animal foods; callous spots; 
to increase in weight; mixed diet necessary; blackheads; muscular energy; hot 
water tub baths; osteopathy; swimming; diet essential; dreaming; repair and waste; 
fluttering of the heart; importance of ventilation; appendicitis; to overcome short- 
windedness; French heels; the train skirt; flying all to pieces; longevity; bicycling; 
public speakers and singers; thinness; woolen underwear; starchy food; acid dyspep- 
sia; bleaches; best time to bathe; daily needs of the body; skin blemishes; restau- 
rant luncheons; active chest; the ankles; smoking; how to rest; cold feet; slender 
ness; hair tonics; cereals; diet; sugar; thin women; nervous indigestion; hearty 
breakfast; worry; shoulder braces; that tired feeling; obesity; the neck; paleness; 
tired limbs; sodium phosphate; proper insulation; cream or milk; massage; thin hair; 
dark circles; lemon juice; open air; waterproof dress; beneficial exercise; housework; 
swollen feet; mouth breathing; toilet soap; sunlight; massage; children; indigestion; 
black hats: carry your head high: playing golf; the brown streak; the hips; mastica- 
tion; rope jumping; snoring; digestion; do not be deceived; liquids at meals; acid of 
lemons; fresh fi'uits; conservation; vapor baths; lung expansion; the bones; pro- 
nounced muscles; vigorous exercise; diabetes; sighing; carry the head; sipping water; 
abnormal acidity; lung expansion; double chin; cooked foods; consumptives; heredity; 
take nothing; rye; black specks; manipulation; all manicures; ether; pure toilet soaps; 
a rubber comb; the parched, etc.; the requirements of health; the weeping sinew; 
heavy bed clothing; feather pillows; dandruff; tired feet; all cereals; for tender feet; 
barley; one who is ill; large pores; internal baths; oats; the use of any drug; a cold 
water bath; sugar; excessive blood; all depilatories; consumptives; fresh fruits; 
wheat; rice; lettuce; health; an outing; cornmeal; an oily complexion; filtered water; 
boiling the water; distilled water; fruit for gout; the palms; skimmed milk; alcohol; 
buttermilk; vegetables; muscle food; cocoa butter; buttermilk as a skin lotion; men of 
sedentary habits; children; beef tea; timely suggestions; oatmeal; oil obtained; the 
best known remedy; dark circles; a weak heart; snuffing any liquid; brain food; 
the term proteid; rough red hands: curvature; cold water; apples; shortness of 
breath; sunburned faces; bones require food; laugh and grow fat; fat taken as food; 
very obese people; beans, the^ poor man's friend; when summer comes; prevention; 
excessive flesh; patience; a headache; plants; iron; blackheads; la grippe; flowers 
in bedroom; feed a cold; la grippe; children; power of thought; hard hitting; high 
altitude; eye exercises. 

PRICE 10 CENTS 
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBUSHINii COMPANY, 15 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK 




w( 



ii 



The Spalding 
^^Shamrock" Toboggans 

THE Spalding "Shamrock" Toboggans 
are made with both wood and steel 
runners. Sides are extra heavy to prevent 
chipping, runners placed so as to be equally 
suitable for either snow or ice slides, and 
hoods reinforced inside with wooden cross- 
pieces. Guaranteed to be best quality 
throughout. Where a toboggan is to be 
used continuously we recommend the steel 
shod style on account of its greater dura- 
bility. 
No. A. 
Wood runners, 8 feet long. 
Each, $12.00 
No. B. 
Wood runners, 7 feet long. 
Each, $11.00 
No. C. 
Wood runners, 6 feet long. 
Each, $10.00 



The Spalding 
"Shamrock" Steel Shod 



No. 8-S. 8 feet long. 
No. 7-S. 7 feet long. 
No. 6-S. 6 f et long. 



Each, $16.00 

15.00 

" 14.00 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



SPALDING Sl BROS. 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 

Baltimore 

Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Fi-aniscco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



The Spalding ''Vicrorla" Toboggans 

In every particular these toboggans are bound to meet 
with approval. Material used in construction is care- 
fully selected and will give excellent satisfaction. 
Hoods held in place with leather thongs and ropes of 
durable quality. 



No. D. 

No. E. 
No. F. 



6 feet long. 

7 feet long. 

8 feet long. 



Each, $7.00i 
8.00 
9.00 



The Spalding ''Franhlln" Toboggans 

To meet the demand for a toboggan of good quality at 

a moderate price, we have introduced our "Franklin" 

style. Hood is held in place with leather thongs, and 

side ropes are well secured. 



No. I. 


4 feet long. 


, Each, $2.50 


No. 2. 


5 feet long. . 


3.00 


No. 3. 


6 feet long. 


4.00 


No. 4. 


7 feet long. 


5.00 


No. 5. 


8 feet long. 


" 6.00 




Togues 



For tobogganing and winter 

sports. Knit of pure wool 

yarn, with fancy stripes and 

tassel. 



No. 555. Extra fine quality. 
No. 510. Fine quality. 
No. 500. Good quality. 



Each, 



,1.25 
.75 
.50 



Irw 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



TOBOGGAN CUSHIONS 

Well padded and nicely tufted. Sides and bottom of special 

quality brown canvas. Leather straps for attaching 

to toboggan. 




TICKING 

Ticking top, 2 feet. 
Ticking top, 3 feet. 
Ticking top, 4 feet. 
Ticking top, 5 feet. 
Ticking top, 6 feet. 
Ticking top, 7 feet. 

CORDUROY 

Corduroy top, 3 feet. 
Corduroy top, 4 feet. 
Corduroy top, 5 feet. 
Corduroy top, 6 feet. 
Corduroy top, 7 feet. 
Corduroy top, 8 feet. 



Each, $1.00 
1.50 
2,00 
2.50 
3.00 
3.50 



Each, $4.00 

5-00 

" 6.00 

7.00 

8.50 

10.00 



TOBOGGAN TOE CAPS 




Made of heavy leather, with rein- 
forcements riveted on side. Laced 
at top and well made. 
Each, $1.00 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



A. C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 

Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Mmneapohs Baltimore Kansas City Montreal Can 
Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 




THE SPALDING 
YELLOWSTONE SKIS 

We introduce this season the Spalding Yellow- 
stone Skis. Absolutely high grade, made accord- 
ing to the latest ideas and of hard wood. They 
are sawed to make a permanent centre curve (not 
bent), and grain runs to the back so as to offer no 
resistance. Have adjustable foot straps with cor- 
rugated rubber rest, and bottom of skis is grooved. 
Each pair furnished complete with special pole, 
equipped with bottom ring, wrist thong and steel 
spike with brass ferrule. 

No. X. 8 feet long. Per pair, $8.00 
No. XX. 10 feet long. " 10.00 

Other sizes to order; prices on application. 



SPALDING 
REGULATION SKIS 



Well made and of latest design, 
pair. 

No. M. 4 feet long. 

No. N. 6 feet long. 

No. O. 8 feet long. 



Pole with each 

Per pair, $2.00 
3.00 
5.00 



Send for Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of all 

sports. Mailed free to any address in the United 

States or Canada. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



SNOW SHOES 

We have the best and most practical line of snow shoes made. 
They are durable, neat in appearance and made with 
turn-up toe. Just the thing for healthful out- 
door amusement and tramping in 
winter. 




No. 10. Misses' and Boys', 10x33 inches. 

No. 20. Ladies', 11 1-2x36 inches. 

No. 30. Men's, 12x42 inches. 

No. 35. Men's, 14x42 inches. 



Per 



pair, 



$3.50 
4.00 
5.00 
5.50 




No. 40. Shanty, 14x44 inches, flat shoe, extra strong. 5.50 

SNOW SHOE SANDALS 

^> Alade of soft oil tanned leather; readily 
^^- attached to snow shoes. For the practi- 
cal tramper. 
No. I. Per, pair, $1.00 

BUCKSKIN MOCCASINS 



For hunting, snow shoeing and toboggan- 
ing. Very strong and heavy; bellows 
tongue. When ordering send size of shoe 
worn. 
No. 108. Per pair, $2.50 




A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicag-Q 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



€4 



The Spalding 
Highest Quaiitg" Sweaters 



Made of the very finest 
Australian lamb's wool, 
and exceedingly soft and 
pleasant to wear. They 
are full fashioned to body 
and arms and without 
seams of any kind. The 
various grades in our 
"Highest Quality" 
Sweaters are identical in 
quality and finish, the dif- 
ference in price being due 
entirely to variations in 
weight. 

Our No. A A Sweaters are 
considerably heavier than 
the heaviest sweater ever 
knitted and cannot be fur- 
nished by any other maker, 
as we have exclusive con- 
trol of this special weight. 

No. AA. Particularly suitable for foot ball and skating. 

Heaviest sweater made Each, $7.00 

No. A. " Intercollegiate," special weight. . " 6.00 

No. B. Heavy Weight " 5-00 

No. C. Standard Weight. . . . . " 4-00 

Colors: White, Navy Blue, Black, Gray, Maroon and Cardinal. 
Other colors to order. Prices on application. All made with 10- 
inch collars; sizes, 28 to 44 inches. 

Send for Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports. 
Mailed free to any address. 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



Spaldi 



mgs 



New and Improved Jerseys 





We carry following sizes in stock: 28 to 42-inch chest. Other sizes at an ad- 
vanced prxCe. Our No, lOP line is manufactured from hard twisted worsted 
and closely woven; of a good quality. Made to stand the severest strain; an 

absolutely perfect basket ball jersey. 
No. lOP. Solid colors: Black, Navy Blue, Gray and Maroon carried in stock; 

other plain colors to order Each, $2.50 

No. 12P. In same colors as above " 2.00 

No. lOPX. Same grade, solid color bodies with alternate striped sleeves— 
usually two inches of same color as the body, with narrow stripe of any 
desired color. Very popular with sleeveless jackets. . . Each, $2.75 

Full Striped Jerseys 

No. lOPS. Full striped jerseys; two-inch stripes; same goods as above, made 
in the following combinations of colors: Orange and Black, Gray and 
Royal Blue, Scarlet and White, Navy and White, Royal Blue and White, 
Black and Royal Blue, Red and Black, Columbia Blue and White, Navy and 
Cardinal, Gray and Cardinal, Maroon and White. . . . Each, $3.00 

No. 12PS. Furnished in same colors as lOPS, but collars and cuffs not 
striped Each, $2.25 

Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
mailed free to any address. 



— 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



The Spalding 
Official intercoilc<|iate Foot Ball 



We have spared no expense in making this ball perfect in 
every detail, and offer it as the finest foot ball ever produced. 
Each ball is thoroughly tested, packed in a separate box and 
sealed, so that our customers are guaranteed a perfect ball in- 
side when same is received with seal unbroken. A polished 
and nickel-plated brass foot ball infiater and lacing needle will 
be packed with each Intercollegiate foot ball without extra 
charge. Used exclusively by all the leading universities, col- 
leges and athletic associations without exception. 

NO. J5 Foot Ball, complefe, $4.00 



A. C. SPALDING Sl BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London England 




The Spalding Official League Ball. 

Used exclusively by the National League, Minor 
Leagues, and by all Intercollegiate and other Associ- 
ations for over a quarter of a century. Each ball 
wrapped in tinfoil and put in a separate box, and 
sealed in accordance with the regulations of the 
National League and American Association. War- 
ranted to last a full game when used under ordinary 
conditions. .No. 1. "Official" League Ball. Each, $1.25 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago Philadelphia San Francisco 

Boston _ Baltimore Buffalo Kansas City 

St. Louis Minneapolis Denver Montreal, Can. 

London, England 













Spalding 
RunnlHg Shoes 


Arthur F. Duffey 

Holder of the world's record, 
9 3-5s. for 100 yards, wears 
Spalding Shoes in all his races. 


M. W. Long 

Holder of the world's 440 yards 
record; the American, English 
and International champion, 
wears Spalding Shoes in all his 
races. 


B. F. Wefers 

Holder of the world's record 
for 220 yards, made his record 
with a pair of Spalding Shoes. 


John F. Cregan 

The American half-mile and 
Intercollegiate champion, and 
thousands of others attribute 
their success on the path to 
the fact that they had a well- 
fitting, light, serviceable shoe 
to wear. 


Nearly every American, Inter- 
collegiate and Interscholastic 
record has been made when 
the contestant wore Spalding 
Shoes. 




Spalding's handsomely illustra 
mailed free t( 


ted catalogue of athletic goods 
) any address. 


A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 
Boston Minneapoh's Baltimore Kansas City Montreal, Can. 
Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg London, England 




n 



From 

Champion 

Jeffries 



A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen— I wish to thank 
you for the perfect shoes and 
boxing gloves that you fur- 
nished me for my fight r/ith 
Mr. Fitzsimmons, and also to 
give you my indorsement for 
the superb quality of these 
goods. I shall expect to use 
them in all my future contests. 
Yours very truly. 



Send for Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue 
of athletic sports. Mailed free to any address. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago Philadelphia San Francisco 

Boston Baltimore Buffalo Kansas City 

St. Louis Minneapolis Denver Montreal, Can. 

London, England 




Rose Villa, Bensonhurst, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1902. 
A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen— You no doubt have seen by the Associated Press dis- 
patches that I am matched with James J. Jeffries to contest for the 
championship of the world during' the month of May, next. I am go- 
ing to make an earnest effort to win back the championship, and 
want to be in fine fettle when I enter the ring. I have always used 
your gloves in every important battle, and as I can find nothing to 
compare with the Spalding g-loves and striking bags ycu make, I want 
you to forward at once a set of 5-ounce "Specials," and a set of the 
10-ounce training gloves. 

I am going to have Gus Ruhlin assist me in training, and when I get 
well under way, will forward an additional order, so that I may not be 
handicapped for want of apparatus. 

Kindly forward bill, and I will send a New York draft to balance 
account. With regards. 

Yours very truly. 



^^^.X/ ^^-^^^^^^^^ 



A. G. SCALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
St. Louis 



Chicago 

Baltimore 

Minneapolis 



Philadelphia 

Buffalo 

Denver 



London, England 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can. 



HOW TO PUNCH 
THE BAG 




W. H. ROTHWELL 

(" Young Corbett ") 



BY 

YOUNG CORBETT 

(W. H. ROTHWELL) 

The most complete book on 
bag punching ever written. 
All the various movements 
clearly explained and illus- 
trated. The photographs 
were taken especially for 
this book at Young Corbett's 
training quarters in New 
York, and cannot be seen 

elsewhere. 

Fancy bag punching described 

by W. F. Keller, champion 

fancy bag puncher. 

PRICE TEN CENTS 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago Philadelphia 

Boston _ Baltimore Buffalo 

St. Louis Minneapolis Denver 

London, England 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can. 



BOXING GLOVES 




No. 



Cut illustrates the patent palm lacing and patent palm grip referred 
to in descriptions of following boxing gloves. With these improve- 
ments we believe our line is absolutely the finest on the market. 
The patent palm lacing insuring a snug fit at all times is a very valu- 
able feature, and the patent pa m grip we know will be appreciated 
by those who want gloves that are up-to-date in every particular. 

15. Corbett pattern, soft tanned leather, well padded with 
hair, padded wristband, patent palm lacing and patent palm 
grip Per set, $3.00 

No. 17. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, well padded with 
hair, patent palm lacing, patent palm grip and padded wrist- 
band, Per set, $3.00 

No. 19. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, well padded with 
hair, patent palm grip and patent palm lacing. Per set, $2.50 

No. 21. Corbett pattern, grip and cuffs of olive tanned leather, 
balance of glove finished in dark wine color tanned leather. 
Well padded with hair and patent palm lacing. Per set, $2.00 

Handsomely illustrated catalogue mailed free to any address. 

A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

New York Chicago Philadelphia San Francisco 

Boston Baltimore Buffalo Kansas City 

St. Louis Minneapolis Denver Montreal, Can. 

London, England 







mi>mmmi^iiim!mm''>mmm 



HOW TO BECOME A BOXER 

For many years publications have 
been issued on the art of boxing that t 
to a certain extent did not enable the 
novice nor the youth to become pro- 
ticient in the manly art. There is 
probably no man in America better 
qualified to teach boxing than Prof. 
William Elmer, and in his book on 
the subject he goes into it very ex- 
haustively. The book contains about 
seventy full page illustrations, show- 
ing how each blow is to be made, 
how to attack and how to defend 
yourself. It shows how the hands 
must be held and the positions to 
take, with descriptions that are so 
accurate that any boy can take them, 
open them up and with a young friend 
become proficient. Besides being a 
fully illustrated book on the art of 
self-defence, it contains nearly all 
the photographs of the leading Amer- 
ican boxers and the positions they 
take, which in itself is instructive ; 
the different rules under which all 
contests are held, and articles which 
will interest anyone on the question 
of physical education. In order to 
make this publication the most ac- 
curate one issued, Prof. Elmer had 
his sparring partner posed personally 
for all the illustrations. 

PRICE BY MAIL lo CENTS. 

American Sports Publishioij: Co„ 

16-18 Park Place, New York. 




SpoiariHi's Championship liommer 



Bail-Bearing Swivel 




Flanagan's Record of 171 ft. 9 in.. Long Island City, September 
3, 1901, was made with this hammer. 



The Spalding Championship Ball Bearing Hammer, 
originally designed by John Flanagan, champion of 
the world, has been highly endorsed only after re- 
peated trials in championship events. The benefits of 
the ball-bearing construction will be quickly appre- 
ciated by all hammer throwers. Each hammer put 
up complete in sole leather carrying case. 

No. 02. 12-lb., with Sole Leather Case. . Each, $12.00 
No. 06. 16-lb., with Sole Leather Case. . '* 12.00 
No. 02X. 12-lb., without Sole Leather Case. 10.00 

No. 06X. 16-lb., without Sole Leather Case. 10.00 




A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 

Boston 

Buffalo 



Chicago 

Minneapolis 

Philadelphia 



St. Louis 
Baltimore 
Denver 



Washington 
Kansas City 
Pittsburg 



San Francisco 
Montreal, Can. 
London, England 



PECK & SNYDER'S 

—RACING- 
ROLLER SKATE 




This style skate is steadily increasing in popularity. 
We recommend them particularly for rink use. Made 
of cold rolled steel, heavily nickel-plated. Wheels 
have tempered steel ball bearings and good quality 
solid rubber tires. 

Men's all clamp, adjustable from lo to 11,^2 inches. 
No. IR. Per pair, $4.00 

Ladies' and Misses' all clamp, adjustable from 7^2 to 

9J2 inches. 

No. 3R, Per pair, $4.00 



A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 

New York Chicago Philadelp'nia San Francisco 

St. Louis Boston Buffalo Baltimore 

Denver Minneapolis Kansas City Montreal, Can. 

London, England. 



The Spalding Patent 
Solid Striking Bag Disks 



Patent Pending 




WALL BRACED STYLE 



Similar to No. ER, except the inflated feature 



No. FR. Complete, without bag. 



Each, $5.00 



A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
St. Louis 



Chicago 

Baltimore 

Minneapol 



Philadelphia 

Buffalo 

Denver 



London, England 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can, 




SPALDING'S 
HOME GYMNASIUM 



/COMBINING '-. 
^ Swinging 
Rings, Trapeze, 
Stirrups and 
Swing. The ap- 
paratus is sup- 
ported by two 
strong screw- 
hooks in the 
ceiling, about 18 
Inches apart, 
and screwed 5 
inches into the 
joist. It can also 
be used out of 
doors. The 
straps are of 
extra strong 
webbing and ad- 
justable to any 
desired height. 
The rings are of 
the patent bent 
wood, about 6 
inches in diam- 
eter. The ap- 
paratus can be 
put up in any 
room and re- 
moved in a mo- 
ment, leaving 
only two small 
eyes in the ceil- 
ing visible. A 
space 6 or 8 feet 
wide is ample 
for any of the 
exercises. The 
various combi- 
nations can be quickly and easily made. We furnish, 
in addition, a board, adjustable to the stirrups, 
which forms an excellent swing. 

No. 1. Complete, ready to put up, $5.00 



Handsomely illustrated catalogue mailed free to any address. 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York 
Boston 
St. Louis 



Chicago 

Baltimore 

Minneapolis 



Philadelphia 

Buffalo 

Denver 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can. 



London, England. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 




No. 12-Association Foot Ball 

Contains valuable information, diagrams of play, and rules for both 
the Gaelic and Association styles of play. Price 10 cents. 

No. 13-How to Play Hand Ball 

By the world's champion, Michael Egan, of Jersey 
City. This book has been rewritten and brought up to 
date in every particular. Every play is thoroughly 
explained by text and diagram. The numerous illus- 
trations consist of full pages made from photographs 
of Champion Egan, showing him in all his character- 
istic attitudes when playing. These pictures were 
made exclusively for this book and cannot be found 

In any other publication. This is undoubtedly the best work on hand 

ball ever published. Price 10 cents. 

No. 14-Curling 

History of the sport; diagram of curling rink; rules for curling; dia- 
grams of play. Price 10 cents. 

No. 16-How to Become a Skater 

By Geo. D. Phillips, for years the American cham- 
pion. Contains chapter for boys and advice for be- 
ginners; how to become a figure skater thoroughly 
explained, with many diagrams showing how to do 
the different tricks of the best figure skaters, in- 
^r_, .--Y^ eluding the Mohawk, with all its variations; Q's, for- 

(sfP^ tt 31 ward and backward, inside and outside; the crosscuts. 

Including the difficult Swedish style; inside and outside spins; the 
grapevine, with its numerous branches, and many other styles, which 
will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the directions given. 
Illustrated with pictures of leading skaters in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 23-Canoelng 

By C. Bowyer Vaux. Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing canoes 
and their uses; canoeing and camping; paddling; saiHng; racinfj regula- 
tions. Price 10 cents. 

No. 27-College Athletics 

, M. C. Murphy, the well-known athletic trainer, 
now with Yale University, the author of this book, 
has written it especially for the schoolboy and 
college man, but it is invaluable for the athlete 
who wishes to excel in any branch of athletic 
sport. The subjects comprise the following articles: 
Training, starting, sprinting; how to train for the quarter, half, mile 
and longer distances; walking; high and broad jumping; hurdling; pole 
vaulting; putting the shot; throwing the hammer. Illustyrated with 
l^lcUixes of lea4ing college athletes. Price XO cents. 





SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 
No. 29-Exercising With Pulley Weights 

By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gym- 
nasium, Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua University. In conjunc- 
tion with a chest machine anyone with this book can become perfectly 
developed. Contains all the various movements necessary to become pro- 
ficient and of well-developed physique. Thoroughly explained and illus- 
trated with numerous drawings. Price 10 cents. 

No„ 40-Archery 

By J. S. Mitchel. An introductory chapter on the use of the bow and 
arrow; archery of the present day; the bow and how to use it, with prac- 
tical illustrations on the right and wrong method of aiming. Price 10 cents. 

No. 55-Off1cial Sporting Rules 

Contains rules not found in other publications for the government of 
many sports; rules for wrestling, cross-country running, shuffleboard, 
skating, snowshoeing, quoits, potato racing, professional racing, rac- 
quets, pigeon flying, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 87-Athletic Primer 

Edited by J. E, Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of "i 
the Amateur Athletic Union ; tells how to organ- 
ize an athletic club, how to conduct an athletic 
meeting, and gives rules for the government of 
athletic meetings; contents also include directions 
for building a track and laying out athletic 
grounds, and a very instructive article on train- 
ing ; fully illustrated with pictures of leading athletes in action. Price 
10 cents. 

No* 102-Cround Tumbling 

By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director of 
the Armour Institute of Technology. Any boy, by reading this book and 
following the instructions, which are drawn from life, can become a pro- 
ficient tumbler; all the various tricks explained. Price 10 cents. 

No. I04-The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises 

By G. M. Martin, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown, 
Ohio. It is a book that should be in the hands of every physical director 
of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, college, etc. The contents comprise: 
The place of the class in physical training; grading of exercises and sea- 
son schedules— grading of men, grading of exercises, season schedules 
for various classes, elementary and advanced classes, leaders, optional 
exercises, examinations, college and school work; calisthenic exercises, 
graded apparatus exercises and general massed class exercises. Nearly 
200 pages. Price 10 cents. 




SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 





No. 124— How to Become a 
I I ^ Gymnast 

^ * ^^^ By Eobert Stoll, of the New York A.C., the 

American champion on the flying rings from 1885 
to 1S92. Any boy who frequents a gymnasium can 
easily follow the illustrations and instructions in 
this book and with a little practice become profi- 
cient on the horizontal and parallel bars, the tra- 
peze or the "horse." Price 10 cents. 

No, 128-How to Row 

By E. J. Giannini, of the New York A. C, one of 
America's most famous amateur oarsman and champions. 
This book will instruct any one who is a lover of rowing 
how to become an expert. It is fully illustrated, showing 
how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other 
information that will prove valuable to the beginner. 
Contains also the official laws of boat racing of the 
National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. Price 10 cents. 

No. 129-Water Polo 

By Gus Sundstrom, instructor at the New York A. C. 
It treats of every detail, the individual work of the 
players, the practice of the team, how to throw the 
ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. fSS-Oflflcial Handbook of the A. A. U. of the 
United States 

The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the United Statt s 
of America, and all games must be held under its rules, which are ex- 
clusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands 
of every athlete and every club officer in America. This book contains 
the official rules for running, jumping, weight throwing, hurdling, pole 
vaulting, swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc., and is an encyclopedia 
in itself. Price 10 cents. 

No. r36-OfTlcial Y. M. C. A. Handbook 

Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well-known athletic 
authority. It contains the official rules governing all ■ 
sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., a com- 
plete report of the physical directors' conference, offi- 
cial Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many 
pictures of the leading Y. M. C. A. athletes of the 
country, official Y. M. C. A. athletic rules, constitution 
and by-laws of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A., aU 
around indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 





SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 

' a 

No. 133-Ofncial Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for playing, diagrams of important strokes, descrip- 
tion of grounds, instructions for the beginner, terms used in the game, 
and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. (40-Wrestling 

Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D., of Cornell, and 
R. F. Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contains nearly seventy 
illustrations of the different holds, photographed especially and so de- 
scribed that anybody who desires to become expert in wrestling can with 
little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. 

No. 142-Physical Training Simplified 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert. la a 
complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is consid- 
ered—brain and body. By following the instructions no apparatus ia 
r'^quired. The book is adapted for both sexes. The exercises comprise 
directions as follows: how to stand; how to sit; how to rest; breathing; 
exercises for the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, hips, knees, 
ankles; a word about the muscles; the arms and thighs; shoulders and 
chest; waist; sides; back and abdomen; bowing; bending; twisting; the 
liver squeezer, etc., etc. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 143-lndian Clubs and Dumb- 
Bells 

Two of the most popular forms of home or gymna- 
sium exercise. This book is written by America's , 
amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It U^| 
is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become 
an expert. Price 10 cents. ^] 

No. 149-The Care of the Body 

A book that all who value health should read and follow its instruc- 
tions. By Prof. E. B, Warman, the well known lecturer and authority on 
physical culture. The subject is thoroughly treated, as a glance at the 
following small portion of the contents shows: An all-around athlete; 
muscular Christianity; eating; diet— various opinions; bill of fare for 
brain workers; bill of fare for muscle-makers; what to eat and drink; a 
simple diet; an opinion on brain food; why is food required? drinking wa' 
^er; nutrition— how food nourishes the body; a day's food, how used: 

mstituents of a day's ration— beef steak, potatoes bread, butter, water; 
germs of disease; diseases peculiar to children; digestion— time required; 
dieting; milk; alcoholic drinks; tobacco; should clergymen smoke? corsets: 
methods of training; symmetrical development; the perfect man; the per- 
fect woman; proper weight, height and measurement; the secret of not 
growing old; three rules for preventing wrinkles; physicians and drugs; 
Christian science; catching cold; bathing; the uses of salt; catarrh; a clear 
complexion; sleeping; insomnia; the care of the feet" color of the clothing | 
bresthirsr: ventilation. Price JO centa. 




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No. 152-Table Tennis 

The contents include the official rules and illustrations of the various 
strokes, posed by experts. Price 10 cents. 

No. 154-Field Hockey . ^ ^ . , , ut, 

r:^!^ ^ ,A. ^, ^ To those m need of vigorous and health- 

ful out-of-doors exercise, this game is re- 
commended highly. Its healthful attri- 
butes are manifold and the interest of 
player and spectator alike is kept active 
throughout the progress of the game. Can 
* be played by either sex and occupies a prom- 
inent place in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley. Bryn Mawr and 
other leading^olleges. Price 10 cents. 

No. 156-The Athlete's Guide 

How to become an athlete. It contains full mstruc- 
tions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, hurdle, 
jump and throw weights, general hints on training; in 
fact, this book is one of the most complete on the sub- 
ject that has ever appeared. Special chapters con- 
tain valuable advice to beginners and important 
A. A. U. rules and their explanations, while the pic- 
tures comprise many exclusive scenes showing cham- 
pions in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 157-How to Play Lawn Tennis 

A complete description of lawn tennis is found in this book ; a history 
of the game ; a lesson for beginners and directions telling how to make 
the most important strokes; styles and skill of the experts; the American 
twist service; how to build and keep a court, illustrated from photo- 
graphs of leading players in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 158-lndoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games 

Without question one of the best books of its kind ever published. 
Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. physical 
director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and outdoor gym- 
nasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be 
amused. The games described comprise a list of 120. divided into several 
groups; simple games for a large number, tag games and racing games; 
games for a few; ball games and athletic feats. Price 10 cents. 

No. 161-Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical training in the 
\-ew York public schools. Anyone who is looking for a concise and com- 
plete course of physical education at home would do well to procure a 
opy of this book. Ten minutes' work as directed is exercise anyone 
can follow. It already has had a large sale and has been highly com- 
mended by all who have followed its instructions. Nearly 100 pages of 
illustrations, and 100 of text. Price 10 cents. 




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■ 

No. 162-How to Become a Boxer 

For many years books have been issued on 
the art of boxing, but it has remained for us 
to arrange a book that we think is sure to fill 
all demands. It contains over 70 pages of 
illustrations showing all the latest blows, 
posed especially for this book under the super- 
vision of one of the best instructors of boxing 
in the United States, who makes a specialty of 
teaching and who knows how to impart his knowledge, 
ranged that anyone can easily become a proficient boxer. The book also 
contains pictures of all the well known boxers. A partial list of the 200 
pages of the book include: A history of boxing; how to box: the correct 
position; the hands; clenching the fist; the art of gauging distance; the 
first principles of hitting; the elements of defence; feinting; knockout 
blows: the chin punch; the blow under the ear; the famous solar plexus 
knockout; the heart blow; famous blows and their originators: Fitzsim- 
mons' contribution; the McCoy corkscrew; the kidney punch; the liver 
punch; the science of boxing; proper position of hand and arm, left hook 
to face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver the solar plexus; correct delivery 
of a right uppercut; blocking a right swing and sending a right uppercut 
to chin; blocking a left swing and sending a left uppercut to chin; the 
side step; hints on training, diet and breathing; how the boxer trains; 
boxing in the Amateur Athletic Union; rules for boxing. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165-The Art of Fencing 

This is a new book by Regis and Louis Senac, 
of New York, famous instructors and leading 
authorities on the subject. Messrs. Senac give 
in detail how every move should be made, and 
tell it so clearly that anyone can follow the 
instructions. It is illustrated with sixty full 
page pictures, posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. 

No. 166-How to Swing Indian Clubs 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known exponent of physical culture. 
The most complete work on this special subject ever issued. By following 
the directions carefully anyone can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 167-Quoits 

By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book on this interesting game has 
been felt by many who wished to know the fine points and tricks used 
by the experts. Mr. Deshong explains them, with illustrations, so that a 
novice can readily understand. Price 10 cents. 

No. 170-Push Ball 

Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in diameter, weighing about 
50 pounds. A side consists of eleven men. This book contains the official 
rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 




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No. I7l-Basket Ball for Women 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith 
College. Contains the rules for basket ball for 
women as adopted by the conference on physi- 
cal training, held in June, 1899, at Springfield, 
Mass., and articles on the following subjects: 
Psychological effects of basket ball for women, 
by Dr. Luther H. Gulick, superintendent of 
physical training in the schools of Greater New York; physiological 
effects of basket ball, by Theodore Hough, Ph. D.; significance of basket 
ball for women, by Senda Berenson: relative merit of the Y. M. C. A. rules 
and women's rules, by Augusta Lane Patrick; practical side af basket- 
ball, by Ellen Emerson, B. K., Agnes Childs, A. B., Fanny Garrison. A. 
B., diagram of field, showing position of team; illustrated with many pic- 
tures of basket ball teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174-Distance and Cross 
Country Running 

By George Orton, the famous University of 
Pennsylvania runner. Tells how to become 
proficient at the quarter, half, mile, the longer 
distances, and cross-country ranning and 
steeplechasing, with instructions for training 
and schedules to be observed when preparing 
for a contest. Illustrated with numerous pictures of leading athletes in 
action, with comments by the editor on the good and bad points shown. 
Price 10 cents. 

No, 177-How to Swim 

By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authority on 
swimming in America. The instructions will in- 
terest the expert as well as the novice; the 
illustrations were made from photographs es- 
pecially posed, showing the swimmer in clear 
water ; a valuable feature is the series of " land 
drill " exercises for the beginner, which is illustra- 
ted by many drawings. The contents comprise 
A plea for education in swimming; swimming as an exercise and for de- 
velopment; land drill exercises; plain swimming; best methods of learn; 
ing; the breast stroke; breathing; under-arm side stroke; scientific 
strokes— over-arm side stroke; double over-arm or "trudgeon" stroke; 
touching and turning; training for racing; ornamental swimming; float- 
ing; diving; running header; back dive; diving feet foremost; the pro- 
peller; marching on the water; swimming on the back; amateur swim- 
ming rules; amateur plunging rules. Price 10 cents. 






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No. 178-How to Train for Bicycling 

Gives methods of the best riders when training 
for long or short distance races; hints on training. 
Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 
cents. 

No, 180-Ring Hockey 

A new game for the gymnasium. Invented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into instant popularity ; as 
exciting as basket ball. This book contains ofRcial rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 182-AII-Around Athletics 

Gives iiT full the method of scoring the Ail-Around Championship, 
giving percentage tables showing what each man receives for each per- 
formance in each of the ten events. It contains as well instructive articles 
on how to train for the All- Around Championship. Illustrated with many 
pictures of champions in action and scenes at all-around meets. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 185-Health Hints 

A series of articles by Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and 
authority on physical culture. Prof. Warman treats very interestingly 
of health influenced by insulation; health influenced by underwear; 
health influenced by color; exercise, who needs it? Price IC cents. 

No. 186-How to Become a Bowler 

By S. Karpf, Secretary of the American Bowling Congress, and one 
of the best posted men on bowling in America. Contents: History of the 
sport; diagrams of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a few hints to be- 
ginners; American Bowling Congress; the national championships; how 
to build an alley; how to score; spares— how they are made. Rules for 
cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, quintet, battle game, nine up and 
nine down, head pin and four back, ten pins— head pin out, five back, the 
Newport game, ten pin head pin game^ duckpin game, head pin game, 
Dayton candle (rubber neck) pin game. New England candle pin game; 
illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 187-How to Play Roller Polo 

Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game ; official rules ; 
pictures of teams ; other articles of interest- Price 10 cents. 

No. (88-Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Coif Cro- 
quet, Volley Ball, Hand Tennis, Carden Hockey, 
Parlor Hockey, Badminton. 

Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 189-Rules for Games 

Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training', depart- 
ment of education. New York City, Borough of Brooklyn. The games 
described in this book are intended for use at recesses, and all but the 
team games have been adapted to large classes. While it is desirable 
that all the players should have a maximum of physical activity, it has 
been found that some games, which keep only a few of the players run- 
ning at once, are of important service for mental hygiene, through their 
power of holding the voluntary attention. Indeed, the interest of the 
children has been made one test of the success of the games. The games 
are suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a great 
variety, divided under the general heads of ball games, bean bag' games, 
circle games, singing games and miscellaneous games. Price 10 cents. 

No. 190-Offlcial Athletic /kJmanac 

Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of the Amateur Ath- 
letic Union. It is the only annual publication issued now that contains 
a complete list of amateur best-on-records; complete intercollegiate 
records; complete English records from 1866; swimming records; inter- 
scholastic records ; Irish, Scotch and Australasian records ; reports of 
leading' athletic meets; skating records; important athletic events and 
numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic teams. Issued 
January 1st of each year. Price 10 cents. 

No, 191-How to Punch the Bag 

By W. H. Roth well ("Young Corbett"), champion 
featherweight of the world. This book is undoubtedly 
the best treatise on bag punching that has ever been 
printed. Every variety of blow used in training' is 
shown and explained. The pictures comprise thirty- 
three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he 
* -^^^ H ^ appears while at work in his training quarters. The 

^/Y j[ A photographs were taken by our special artist and 

cannot be seen in any other publication than Spalding's 
Athletic Library No. 191, Fancy bag punching is treated by a well known 
theatrical bag' puncher, who shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 

No. 192-lndoor Base Ball 

America's national game is now vieing with other indoor games as a 
winter pastime. This book contains the playing rules, pictures of lead- 
ing teams, and interesting articles on the game. Price 10 cents. \ 

No. 193-How to Play Basket Ball \ 

By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide. Contains \ 

full instructions for players, both for the expert and the novice, duties " \ 

of officials, and specially posed full page pictures showing the correct 
and incorrect methods of playing. The demand for a book of this character 
is fully satisfied in this publication, as many points are included which 
could not be incorporated in the annual publication of the Basket Ball 
Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. — -— 





SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 194-Racquets, Squash-Racquets and Court 
Tennis 

The need of an authoritative handbook at a popular price on these 
games is filled by this book. How to play each game is thorougly ex- 
plained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken 
especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game, 
with scenes of famous courts. Price 10 cents. 



No. 195— Official Roque Guide 

The official publication of the National Roque Asso- 
ciation of America. Edited by Prof. Charles Jacobus, 
ex-champion. Contains a description of the courts 
and their construction, diagrams of the fiield, illustra- 
tions, rules and valuable information concerning the 
game of roque. Price 10 cents. 



No. 196-Offlcial Base Ball Guide 

Edited by Henry Chad wick, the "Father of Base Ball," the official pub- 
lication of base ball. It c( ntains a complete record of all leagues in 
America, pictures of teams, official rules and reviews of the game. The 
standard base ball annual of the country. Price 10 cents. 

No. I97-Spa|ding's Lawn Tennis Annual 

Contains official statistics, photographs of leading players, special 
articles on the game, review of important tournaments, official rules, 
handicapping rules and tables ; list of fixtures for the current year and 
other valuable information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 198-Spalding's Official Cricket Guide 

Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most complete year book of the game 
that has ever been published in America. It contains all the records of 
the previous year, reports of special matches, official rules and pictures 
of all the leading teams and individual players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 199-Equestrian Polo Guide 

Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with 
portraits of leading players and contains most useful information for polo 
players in relation to playing the game, choosing of equipment and 
mounts; contains the official rules and handicaps of the National Associa- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 200-Dumb-Bells 

This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb- 
bells that has ever been offered. The author, 
Mr. G. Bojus, of New York City, was formerly 
superintendent of physical culture in the 
Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, instructor at 
Columbia University, instructor for four years 
at the Columbia summer school, and is now 
proprietor of the Liberty Street Gymnasium, 
at 121 Liberty Street, New York City. The book contains 200 photographs 
of all the various exercises, with the instructions in large, readable type. 
It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, 
and is invaluable for home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. 

No. 201-Lacrosse-From Candidate to Team 

By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hopkins Univei-sity champion 
intercollegiate lacrosse team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, 
ex-captain and coach of Johns Hopkins University lacrosse team, 1900-1904. 
Every position is thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise man- 
ner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illustrated 
with numerous snapshots of important play.^. Price 10 cents. 

No. 202-How to Play Base Ba I 

Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and revised edition. Contents: How to 
become a batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, James Collins, Hugh Jennings and 
Jesse Tannehill; how to run the bases, by Jack Doyle and Frank L. Chance; 
advice to base runners: by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer A. A.U,; 
how to become a good pitcher, by Cy Young, "Rube" Waddell and Bert 
Cunningham; on curve pitchine-, by Cy Young, James J. Callahan, Frank 
Donahue, Vic Willis, William Dineen and Charley Nichols; how to become 
a good catcher, by Eddie Phelps, William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; 
how to play first base, by Hugh Jennings; how to play second base, by 
Napoleon Lajoie and William Gleason; how to play third base, by James 
Collins and Lave Cross; how to play shortstop, by Herman Long; how to 
play the infield, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to play the outfield, by 
Fred Clarke; the earmarks of a ball player, by John J, McGraw; good 
advice for players; how to organize a team; how to manage a team; how 
to score a game; how to umpire a game; base ball rules interpreted 
for boys. Price 10 cents, 

No»203-lce Hockey and Ice Polo 

Written by the most famous player in Canada, 
A, Farrell, of the Shamrock hockey team of Mon- 
treal. It contains a complete description of the 
game, its origin, points of a good player, and an 
instructive article on how game is played, with di- 
agrams and official rules. Illustrated with pic- 
tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. 




SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 204-Offlcial Intercollegiate A. A. A. Handbook 

Contains constitution, by-laws, laws of athletics, and rules to govern 
the awarding of the championship cup of the Intercollegiate Athletic 
Association of Amateur Athletes of America, the governing body in col- 
lege athletics. Contains official intercollegiate records from 1876 to 1903, 
with the winner's name and time in each event, list of points won by each 
college, and list of officers of the association from 1889 to 1904, inclusive. 
To anyone interested in college athletics the book is invaluable as a record. 
Price 10 cents. 

No.205-OfTlcial Handbook of the Public Schools 
Athletic League 

This is the official handbook of the Public 
^^^- r^^s^^^^^^. Schools Athletic League, which embraces all 
^ \ «Tl .^B».»'l the public schools of Greater New York. It 
contains the official rules that govern all the 
contests of the league, and constitution, 
by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther 
Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical 
education in the New Yoi'k public schools, and 
Wm. C. J. Kelly, secretary of the league. Illustrated with numerous 
portraits of schoolboy athletes. Price 10 cents. 

No. 206-How to Play Coif 

No golfer should miss having a copy of 
this golf guide, Harry Vardon tells how % 
to play game, with life-like illustrations 
showing the different strokes. The book 
also contains the revised official rules, offi- 
cial records, as well as pictures of many 
important players, and a directory giving 
name, address, membership and length of 
course of golf clubs in the United States. Price 10 cents. 

No. 207-Bowling on the Green; or. Lawn Bowls 

This famous Scottish game has achieved 
considerable popularity in America. Con- 
tains an account of the introduction of 
the game in America; diagram of a green; 
how to costruct a green; necessary equip- 
ment; how to play the game, and the offi- 
cial rules as promulgated by the Scottish 
Bowling Association. This handbook of 
the game has been edited by Mr. James W. Greig, a well known authority, 
and is thoroughly up to date. Illustrated with portraits of prominent! 
players. Price 10 cents. 








SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 208-Physical Education and Hygiene 

This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166 and 185), and a glance at the contents will show the 
variety of subjects : Chapter I— Basic principles; longevity. Chapter 11 
—Hints on eating ; food values ; the uses of salt. Chapter III— Medicinal 
value of certain foods. Chapter IV— The efficacy of sugar ; sugar, food 
for muscular work ; eating for strength and endurance ; fish as brain 
food ; food for the children. Chapter V— Digestibility ; bread ; appen- 
dicitis due to flour. Chapter VI— Hints on drinking— Water, milk, butter- 
milk, tea, coffee ; how to remain young. Chapter VII— Hints on bathing ; 
cold, hot, warm, tepid, salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. Chapter 
VIII— Hints on breathing ; breathlessness, heart strain, second wind, 
yawning, the art of yogi; as applied to bicycling. Price 10 cents. 

No. 2IO-HOW to Play Foot Ball 

Edited by Walter Camp, Revised for season of 
1904. The contents embrace everything that a \ 
beginner wants to know and many points that an 
expert will be glad to learn. An introductory 
chapter for beginners ; how to play and tackle ; 
back formations, by Walter Camp. Quarterback 
is described by deSauUes, the famous Yale player ; _ 

how to give signals is explained by Rockwell and '^^ -^ 

Hogan of the Yale team, who show with many diagrams how the big 
teams make their sensational plays ; Lewis, the well-known Harvard 
player, gives instructions in the methods of defence, and William T. Reid, 
the former Harvard fullback, tells of the duties of the backs. The 
pictures are made from snapshots of leading teams and individual players 
in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. 

No. 2M-Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new 
rules, with diagram of field as newly arranged' 
special chapters on the game, foot ball for the 
spectator, All-America teams, as selected by 
leading authorities ; Middle West, Southern, 
Canadian foot ball, records, and pictures of 
all the prominent teams, embracing nearly 
3,000 players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 212-Official Basket Ball Guide 

Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the re- 
vised official rules, decisions on disputed points, 
records of prominent teams, reports on the game 
from various parts of the country, and pictures 
of hundreds of players. The standard basket ball 
annual of the country. Price 10 cents. 





DEC 8 1904 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

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No. 213-285 Health Answers 

Contents: Necessity for exercise in the summer; three rules for bicycling; when 
going- up-hill; sitting out on summer nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a 
house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; salt water baths at home; a substitute 
for ice water; drinking ice water; to cure insomnia; asleep in two minutes; for those 
who ride wheels; summer outdoor exercise; profuse perspiration; danger of checking 
perspiration; dress, hot weather; light colored clothing; how to avoid catching cold; 
eating; a few good rules; drinking; how to go up and down stairs; the proper way to 
breathe; correct position; to secure correct position; the right way to sit; when you 
are walking; perfect freedom; stationary running; fish as brain food; condiments; 
internal baths; honey; anemic condition; high collars; alcohol; measurements of 
women; process of digestion; southern corn; children dining; blanched almonds; 
ice-cold water; beans; running; insomnia; consumptives; , tub. bath; codfish and po- 
tatoes; rheumatism; strength begins in the stomach; nervousness; poor complexions; 
lines about the mouth; sleeplessness and nervousness; school gymnastics; coffee; 
feats of strength; palpitation of the heart; measurements of men; catching cold 
easily; hoping against hope; sea salt; what is health ? what is disease? strength from 
the earth; nutrition; winter underwear; quantity of air; in your athletic work; rub 
down after the bath; amount of food required; sleeping without a pillow; short wind- 
edness; woolen underwear; complexion tablets; bathing when tired; beauty; the brain 
worker; two meals a day; how often to exercise; mixed diet; nostril breathing; blush- 
ing; the lungs; sallow, or muddy complexion; facial muscles; draughts; vegetarians; 
a perfect woman; gray hair; eat less; stoop shouldered; eat more; varicose veins; 
offensive breath; offensive perspiration; consumption; animal foods; callous spots; 
to increase in weight; mixed diet necessary; blackheads; muscular energy; hot 
water tub baths; osteopathy; swimming; diet essential; dreaming; repair and waste; 
fluttering of the heart; importance of ventilation; appendicitis; to overcome short- 
windedness; French heels; the train skirt; flying all to pieces; longevity; bicycling; 
public speakers and singers; thinness; woolen undei'wear; starchy food; acid dyspep- 
sia; bleaches; best time to bathe; daily needs of the body; skin blemishes; restau- 
rant luncheons; active chest; the ankles; smoking; how to rest; cold feet; slender 
ness; hair tonics; cereals; diet; sugar; thin women; nervous indigestion; hearty 
breakfast; worry; shoulder braces; that tired feeling; obesity; the neck; paleness; 
tired limbs; sodium phosphate; proper insulation; cream or milk; massage; thin hair; 
dark circles; lemon juice; open air; waterproof dress; beneficial exercise; housework; 
swollen feet; mouth breathing; toilet soap; sunlight; massage; children; indigestion; 
black hats; carry your head high: playing golf; the brown streak; the hips; mastica- 
tion; rope jumping; snoring; digestion; do not be deceived; liquids at meals; acid of 
lemons; fresh fruits; conservation; vapor bathis; lung expansion; the bones; pro- 
nounced muscles; vigorous exercise; diabetes; sighing; carry the head; sipping water; 
abnormal acidity; lung expansion; double chin; cooked foods; consumptives; heredity; 
take nothing; rye; black specks; manipulation; all manicures; ether; pure toilet soaps; 
a rubber comb; the parched, etc.; the requirements of health; the weeping sinew; 
heavy bed clothing; feather pillows; dandruff; tired feet; all cereals; for tender feet; 
barley; one who is ill; large pores; internal baths; oats; the use of any drug; a cold 
water bath; sugar; excessive blood; all depilatories; consumptives; fresh fruits; 
wheat; rice; lettuce; health; an outing; cornmeal; an oily complexion; filtered water; 
boihng the water; distilled water; fruit for gout; the palms; skimmed milk; alcohol; 
buttermilk; vegetables; muscle food; cocoa butter; buttermilk as a skin lotion; men of 
sedentary habits; children; beef tea; timely suii?gestions; oatmeal; oil obtained; the 
best known remedy; dark circles; a weak heart; snuffing any liquid; brain food; 
the term proteid; rough red hands: curvatui-e; cold water; apples; shortness of 
breath; sunburned faces; bones require food; laugh and grow fat; fat taken as food; 
very obese people; beans, the poor man's friend; when summer comes; prevention; 
excessive flesh; patience; a headache; plants; iron; blackheads; la grippe; flowers 
in bedroom; feed a cold; la grippe; children; power of thought; hard hitting; his* 
altitude; eye exercises. Price 10 cents. 



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